Transcript Translit עברית
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0:00 All right, I'll say good morning, good morning, a gut vach, such a zchus baruch Hashem to begin another week of Daf Yomi together, begin by thanking all of our sponsors for this morning's Shiur. 0:13 To thank our Talmud Torah sponsors for the month of Tammuz Haba aleinu letova, Yoni and Avirum for dedicating all the Shiurei v'drashos this month as a zchus for a refuah sheleima for Eliezer ben Elisheva, Daniel ben Batsheva, Papa, and Eretz Yisrael. 0:23 Daniel and Batsheva Pava and Eretz Yisrael for dedicating all the Shiurei v'drashos this month for the third yartzait of Rabbi Shlomo V, שלמה בן יהודה אריה. 0:31 Yossi and Malky Cohen for dedicating all the Shiurei v'drashos this month in memory of Rabbi Doctor Nachum Schorr, הרב נחום בן רבי חיים יהושע הלוי זכרונו לברכה. 0:41 A week of learning sponsors, Aaron and Alana Weinberg, in honor of the fifteenth anniversary of the miraculous complete recovery of their son Yonatan Shai. 0:49 Our Daf Yomi sponsors for today, Ayal and Sara Steinberg in the zchus of continued health for שולמית חנה בת שושה for an ultimate refuah sheleima. 0:56 Shmuli and Hinda Abramson as a zchus for a refuah sheleima for Shmuli's father, חיים מרדכי בן חוה, who continues to convalesce after surgery, may he be zocheh ezras Hashem to a refuah בתוך שאר חולי ישראל. 1:09 And Rachel and Gershon Levintin in honor of the yartzait of Rachel's father Burton Schreiber and his sister well, father, בן ציון בן ישראל שמעון, and sister Maxine Miller Gold, zichrono livracha. 1:25 We hope that in the merit of our Talmud Torah all of the l'ilui nishmas have an aliyah, the families in nechama, all those who need a refuah sheleima have one together with kol cholei Yisrael. Hakadosh Baruch Hu should continue to look after our brothers and sisters in Eretz Yisrael, 1:35 allow our holy soldiers to be successful in ma'aseh yadeinu and it should be a week of brachos and v'besoros tovos al am Yisrael. 1:40 Plus with that let us begin, we have a lot to do today. 1:43 What a great daf yesterday. 1:45 Today's daf is Samech Vav, sixty-six, and we are literally starting at the top of the daf, סו עמוד א. 1:53 So remember again we are in the midst of the riveting sugya of grasshoppers, who ever knew that grasshoppers could be so exciting? 2:00 But alas they can. 2:02 So just to re-orient ourselves the mishnah introduced us that kosher grasshoppers have all four, potentially five kosher simanim. 2:10 The four that everybody seems to agree on is four legs, four wings, two jumping legs, wings that cover both of the length and the circumference of the body, and then in the mishnah Rabbi Yosi also added in that they have to be 2:23 known as chagav because in Rabbi Yosi's model ultimately although when you look at the pasuk one could have thought that chagav is actually a type of grasshopper, Rabbi Yosi more sees it as a statement or a name of a category of kosher 2:36 grasshoppers that goes ahead and includes all the other types of kosher grasshoppers as well. 2:41 Okay, so then what's interesting about the grasshopper sugya is that the Torah goes out of its way to list the series of grasshoppers, right? 2:49 The Torah says, את אלה מהם תאכלו es ha'arbeh leminehu, solam leminehu, chargol leminehu, and chagav leminehu. 2:58 So what's interesting is the Torah itself lists four categories and after each of the four categories also includes the words either leminehu or lemineh, which means its species. 3:09 So the Gemara is very intrigued by this because obviously there's just a lot of verbiage over here. 3:14 In general, in general, right, in general, the Torah could have just given me simanim, give me signs, and that's enough, once I have the signs then we're good to go. 3:21 But the fact that it gives me names and then after giving me names ultimately goes and also uses these words leminehu, the species, indicates that we're building out a much greater grasshopper cohort. 3:34 So that's what we're struggling with over here a little bit. 3:37 So at the top of Samech Vav, Mr. 3:40 Plonka, little Mr. Plonka remind me your name, Youngest Plonka? 3:45 Avram. Avram, like Avraham Avinu. Mamash. Avraham Avinu also got started when he was a little boy and look what he became, k'neina hara, what a zchus, what a zchus, incredible. 3:56 But mi k'amcha pela'i. I want to tell you something. 3:59 You know sometimes you get a little bit down, sometimes like about what you see happening inside of our people, like the in-fighting, the machlokes and all this stuff, and it really is. 4:08 It's enough to keep you up at night, it's enough to shatter your heart into a million pieces. 4:11 And then you come to shul Sunday morning and you see Avram Plonka, baruch Hashem, and like you realize that Klal Yisrael is going to be absolutely fantastic, going to be absolutely fantastic because children could be doing so many things and baruch Hashem. 4:27 And one second, and Mr. 4:28 Geisler junior, what's your first name? 4:30 Younger Geisler? Itai. Itai, incredible. 4:34 So we've got Avram and Itai, baruch Hashem, this is the future of Klal Yisrael, the future of Klal Yisrael could be doing anything and everything on a Sunday morning and Baruch Hashem, this this is, this is the future. 4:45 So now, just anything that happens, whatever you read on the news or whatever else, say, don't worry, we got this, we got this, Klal Yisrael's going to be fantastic. 4:53 All right, says the Gemara, B'mai kamifligi? B'mai kamifligi? Gemara says so what are they arguing about? 4:56 So B'mai kamifligi, Tanna D'bei Rav and תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל. 4:59 So what are they arguing about? 4:59 What's the fundamental machlokes? B'rosho aruch kamifligi. 5:04 What happens if you have a grasshopper with a long head? 5:08 Elongated, elongated head grasshoppers. 5:10 What is the status of these grasshoppers? 5:13 Tanna D'bei Rav, now watch this, now here's what's interesting. 5:16 What's interesting about this is out of all the species that are mentioned in the Torah, none of them have elongated heads. 5:23 Now, here's what's fascinating, just a fascinating tidbit about elongated head grasshoppers, which is interesting that they could have all the other qualities. 5:31 In other words, so being long-headed, being long-headed doesn't go ahead and preclude you from having all the other kosher characteristics. 5:40 Being hard-headed absolutely prevents you from having any kosher characteristics. 5:45 But being long-headed does not prevent you from having that. 5:48 Yet, interestingly enough, out of all the characteristics mentioned, excuse me, out of all the species mentioned, none of them have elongated heads. 5:56 So the shayla is, what's the status of elongated head grasshoppers that have all of the other kosher simanim? 6:03 So here we go. 6:04 This is the fundamental machlokes. 6:05 תנא דבי רב סבר. So Tanna D'bei Rav says like this: Asher lo krayim. 6:11 So the pasuk says that which has krayim. 6:13 Now again rabosai remember krayim are the jumping legs. 6:15 Or the jumping legs. 6:17 So which it has krayim, klal. 6:18 That's a general statement. 6:20 ארבה סלעם חרגול חגב למינהו. Then the Torah goes ahead and lists each of these individual types of grasshopper, prat. 6:27 Again rabosai, so remember again klal means a general statement, an all-inclusive one, prat a more specific one. 6:33 Now what do we have in the pasuk? 6:35 A klal and a prat. 6:37 What happens, what's the exegetical mechanism of a klal u'prat? 6:41 כלל ופרט אין בכלל אלא מה שבפרט. So rabosai with a klal u'prat, what ends up happening is the prat comes to modify the klal. 6:49 And therefore what? So the Gemara says: אין בכלל אלא מה שבפרט דמיניה אין דלאו דמיניה לא. 6:56 Ultimately again rabosai, if you which means if you are one of the species of these four categories of aforementioned grasshoppers, then you're kosher. 7:06 So again rabosai, if you fit into one of the four grasshopper families: the arbeh, the solom, the chargol, and the chagav. 7:14 If you fit into one of these four families, ultimately again you are kosher. 7:18 The Gemara says: ומרבה דדמי ליה משני צדדים and ultimately again in addition it also comes to include anything that resembles these categories of grasshoppers from two perspectives. 7:30 Now what does it mean from two perspectives? 7:32 If you look Rabbeinu Gershom actually says right across, Rabbeinu Gershom is in the is in the margin over here, if you go move your finger literally to the left, you'll see that Rabbeinu Gershom says: שיהיה לו ד' סימנין ולא יהיה ראשו ארוך. 7:45 So essentially again rabosai what the klal u'prat teaches me is like this. 7:48 So again I have a klal, krayim, anything that has jumping legs, prat, the four categories of the four categories of grasshoppers. 7:55 When you have a klal u'prat, the prat comes to limit the klal. 7:59 So therefore again what's included in a family of kosher grasshoppers? 8:03 Anything that is obviously explicitly one of these four types. 8:06 In addition, anything that's any of these species and anything that goes ahead and shares the four characteristics. 8:12 Again, as mentioned in the Mishnah, four legs, two jumping legs, four wings, and wings that cover the length and circumference of the body. 8:20 So if you fit that criteria, then you are kosher. 8:23 What is excluded from this? 8:26 Long-headed grasshoppers. So according to this approach, long-headed grasshoppers will not be kosher even if they have all of the other characteristics because Halacha le'maiseh they do not fit into any of the four explicitly mentioned categories of grasshoppers. 8:43 Incredible. That's rabosai, that's the first opinion. 8:46 That's Tanna D'bei Rav. That's what they said in the Yeshiva of Rav. 8:49 On the other hand, תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל סבר. 8:51 The תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל says like this: אשר לו כרעיים כלל. 8:54 So he says ultimately again, same, looks like the same at the beginning, right, the pasuk says anything that has jumping legs, that is a klal, that is a general statement. 9:05 ארבה סלעם חרגול חגב, prat. Once again the Torah then lists each of the specific categories of grasshoppers, that's the prat. Limineihu chazar ve'klal, but then it says again limineihu according to their species, chazar ve'klal. 9:18 So rabosai that's another klal. 9:19 So תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל understands the pasuk as klal u'prat u'klal. 9:24 A different exegetical mechanism, klal u'prat u'klal, a general statement, a more specific statement, and then a general statement again. 9:31 Rabosai, what do you do when you have a klal u'prat u'klal? 9:33 אי אתה דן אלא כעין הפרט. So ultimately again rabosai... 9:38 In this case אי אתה דן אלא כעין הפרט, so ultimately again, we once again we try to modify the klal based on the prat. 9:46 And what does this mean? 9:48 ומרבי כל דדמיין ליה בצד אחד. And according to this approach, as long as a grasshopper resembles one of the four categories in some way, then by definition it's included, which essentially would mean that halacha l'ma'aseh as long as it has the four characteristics, it is kosher. 10:05 Even if what? Even if it has an elongated head. 10:09 So Rabbosai, so this is the fundamental machlokes between Tanna d'bei Rav and תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל. 10:14 Machlokes Yeshiva Rav, Yeshiva Rabbi Yishmael. Ultimately again, comes down to how you darshan the pasuk. Rav darshan the pasuk ultimately as a klal u'prat. 10:22 What that yielded is that halacha l'ma'aseh elongated head grasshoppers are not kosher. 10:27 And תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל darshaned it as a klal u'prat u'klal, which ultimately said grasshoppers with a long head ultimately again are going to be kosher. 10:34 So the Gemara says one second, how do you darshan this as a klal u'prat u'klal? 10:38 After all, והא לא דמי כללא קמא לכללא בתרא. Here's the problem is Rabbosai in general when you have a klal u'prat u'klal, the way it works is that klal A and klal B, right, the bookend klals ultimately mirror each other. 10:54 That's not the case over here, Rabbosai. 10:55 In this case over here, the first klal is krayim. 10:59 The second the second klal is l'mineihu or l'minah. 11:02 Those words they're not similar words. 11:04 They're not they're not even similar concepts. 11:06 Right? These are about two different things. 11:07 I understand that they are both more general words. 11:10 But how exactly that's just not generally how a klal u'prat u'klal works. 11:15 Generally a klal u'prat u'klal works is that the two bookend klals are similar in nature. 11:20 That's not the case over here. 11:23 That is not the case over here. 11:24 So the Gemara says so what what do והא לא דמי כללא קמא לכללא בתרא? כללא קמא אשר לו כרעים אמר רחמנא דאית ליה אכול דלית ליה לא תיכול. 11:33 The first klal krayim indicates to us that what? 11:37 krayim means jumping legs. 11:38 Which indicates to us any locusts, right, any grasshoppers that have jumping legs are kosher. 11:44 Are kosher. And Rabbosai, remember again that statement is it doesn't pay attention to any of the specific categories of locusts. 11:52 So in other words if you have jumping legs you are kosher. 11:56 That's it. That's what that first klal teaches me. 11:59 כללא בתרא עד דשוו בארבעה סימנין. The klala basra Rabbosai, the second klal says no remember again Rabbosai, what did the second klal the second klal comes after the Torah specifically enumerates the four categories of locusts. 12:13 What's the common denominator amongst those four categories? 12:15 The common denominator amongst the four categories are the four simanim, the four signs of the Mishna, which would seem to indicate that halacha l'ma'aseh any locusts that has the four simanim is kosher. 12:25 So Rabbosai, see what's happening over here. 12:27 The Gemara says how do you build this into a klal u'prat u'klal when the two bookend klals are teaching two different things? 12:33 The first klal is teaching anything that has jumping legs is kosher even if it doesn't have any other kosher criteria. 12:40 The second klal l'mineihu is teaching me that if it has the four criteria of the Mishna then it's kosher. 12:47 So I don't understand, they're not the same. 12:50 So how do you build a klal u'prat u'klal from dissimilar klalim? 12:54 To which the Gemara says תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל בכללי ופרטי כי האי גוונא דריש. 12:59 So Rabbosai, in reality, it's interesting. 13:01 So apparently in the world of darshaning klal u'prat u'klal there are different approaches. 13:07 Different approaches. And in the Yeshiva Rabbi Yishmael they went ahead and they darshaned this type of klal u'prat u'klal. 13:12 Even though again Rabbosai I want to point out this is not a classic klal u'prat u'klal. 13:16 A classic klal u'prat u'klal means the two bookend klals are similar. 13:20 Are similar in nature. 13:21 Right, and then the prat is is what's different. 13:23 In this model klal one tells you one thing, klal two says something else. 13:28 It's okay, calm down. 13:29 In תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל's Yeshiva they darshan klal u'prat u'klal like this. 13:34 This is the they did it, they were unique like that. 13:36 The Gemara says ודאמרינן בעלמא דדריש תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל בכללי ופרטי כי האי גוונא. 13:40 And in general by the way, whenever you find throughout Shas that תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל goes ahead and darshans this type of klal u'prat u'klal, where do we learn out that תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל darshans a klal u'prat u'klal even if klal one and klal two are dissimilar, what's the 13:56 source for this? This Gemara. 13:58 This Gemara. So Rabbosai what turns out over here and this this really so what what's the conclusion? 14:04 So the conclusion is that it seems to be is that everyone agrees that halacha l'ma'aseh in order for locusts to be kosher they must have the four criteria. 14:13 Four jumping legs, sorry, four regular legs, two jumping legs, four wings, wings that cover the circumference and the length of the body. 14:22 The Gemara doesn't seem to focus on that it's called chagav or not, but we'll see what the halacha l'ma'aseh is. 14:27 Good. The machlokes case seems to be in the elongated head grasshopper. 14:32 Even if it has those qualities, is it kosher or not? 14:35 That seems to be a fundamental machlokes. 14:38 So Rabbosai. This concludes this—no, sorry, we're not finished yet, one more sugya. Amar mar: Ishmo chagav? 14:43 Yes, the Gemara goes veiter. 14:44 So remember again, in the Mishna, in the Mishna, then what did we have? 14:47 In the Mishna we had Rabbi Yosei said ushmo chagav. 14:52 In addition to the four criteria, it also has to be known by the name of chagav. 14:57 So the Gemara says okay, let's analyze this. 14:59 Amar mar: Ishmo chagav. Now what if you had a grasshopper that was called, it was known as a chagav. 15:05 יכל אין בו סימנים הללו? Amar halacha lemaise, maybe, maybe it doesn't even need any of the other attributes? 15:14 Or parts? At the end of the day, do you really only need any other criteria? 15:23 Liminehu! Therefore the pasuk says liminehu. 15:28 Now liminehu means according to his species. 15:30 So interestingly enough, this is the hava mina. 15:37 I would have thought that maybe if it's called chagav, that's enough and it's kosher. 15:41 But even if it doesn't have any of these simanim, kamashmalan the Torah says liminehu. Liminehu means according to its species which means don't go ahead and be any grasshopper, you have to resemble the aforementioned categories, which means that you have to have 15:55 the four simanim of a kosher grasshopper. 15:57 ואקולי סימנים הללו מהיכא תיתי? So the Gemara says what's, what are you talking about? 16:02 You're entertaining the possibility that if a grasshopper didn't have the four qualities enumerated by the, by the Mishna, that would be kosher? 16:13 How could you say that? 16:13 Arbeh vechargol ksiv. The Torah itself explicitly lists types of grasshoppers. 16:16 And we know that these types of grasshoppers mentioned by the Mishna, mentioned by the Torah, have these qualities. 16:23 So how can you entertain a hava mina that somehow a grasshopper would be kosher without these characteristics? 16:28 אילו כתיב סלעם כי דקאמרית. Had it not said salam, I would have thought that what you, I would have entertained that possibility. 16:40 השתא דכתיב סלעם לרבויי ראשו ארוך אימא לרבי נמי כולהו. I would have thought that perhaps halacha lemaise once you're including long-headed grasshoppers, maybe it includes all grasshoppers, and obviously again, not all, they still have to be known as chagav, kamashmalan lo. Kamashmalan lo says that halacha lemaise in order to be a kosher grasshopper, you 17:05 must have the four qualities mentioned in the Mishna. 17:07 מאי שנא התם דאמרית סלעם זה רשון חרגל זה ניפול. So the Gemara just goes back to what we mentioned before. 17:15 Earlier we mentioned that the salam grasshopper, now salam is the biblical name. 17:19 The Gemara says salam was colloquially known as the rishon. Vechargol, which is the biblical name, was colloquially known as the nipol. 17:28 So that's how it was, those were the colloquial names given. 17:32 ומאי שנא הכא דאמרית סלעם זה ניפול חרגל זה רשון? Here we reverse the names. 17:37 We said no, the salam is known as the nipol, and the chargol is known as the rishon. 17:41 So which one is it? 17:42 Which one is it? 17:42 The Gemara says not a big deal, מר כי אתריה ומר כי אתריה. 17:46 They called different grasshoppers by different names in different places. 17:51 Incredible! So this brings to a close the grasshopper sugya. 17:55 So now what is the halacha? 17:57 What, what, what exactly do we go ahead and we do this? 18:01 What does the halacha lemaise by grasshoppers? 18:02 So listen to this. 18:03 The Shulchan Aruch in Yoreh Deah, siman peh hey, siman peh hey, writes the following. 18:10 Again, the title of this siman ultimately is Simanei Chagavim. 18:14 Right? The simanim of kosher grasshoppers. 18:16 Listen to this. Halacha Aleph. Simanei chagavim: right, what are the signs of a kosher grasshopper? 18:21 Here it is. כל שיש לו ד' רגליים, four legs. 18:25 Daled knafayim, four wings. כנפיו חופין את רוב אורך גופו ורוב היקפו. 18:32 The wings cover the majority of the length and the circumference. 18:37 ויש לו שתי כרעיים לנתר. And also and it has two jumping legs. 18:43 So mammish our Mishna. 18:44 Our Mishna. Now interestingly enough the Gemara says v'afilu, this is yesterday's daf, ואפילו אין לו עכשיו ועתיד לגדל לאחר זמן. 18:56 And what if it doesn't have its jumping legs now but it will have its jumping legs later on? 19:02 It's still kosher. Right? 19:04 It will develop them later on. 19:05 ואף על פי שיש בו כל הסימנים הללו, now even if you have a grasshopper that has all of these simanim, אינו מותר אלא אם כן שמו חגב. 19:16 We do pasken like Rabbi Yosei. 19:18 It also has to be known colloquially as a chagav, או שיש להם מסורת ששמו חגב. 19:25 Or ultimately again, or there's a masora, there's a tradition ultimately again that, that it is called chagav. 19:32 Incredible. As an aside, by the way—so we'll come back to that in just a moment. 19:37 So again, so therefore... 19:39 was one of these fascinating sugyas where really everything, everything is just straight out of the mishna. 19:43 So we accept the four criteria plus Rabbi Yose, and of course again with all of these things one needs a mesorah that it's called a chagav. 19:51 In Halakha Beis the Shulchan Aruch writes חגבים אינן טעונין שחיטה. 19:56 How exactly are how how do you eat the grasshopper? 20:00 The answer is take a bite. 20:02 It doesn't require shechita. 20:03 There's no shechita by grasshoppers. 20:05 So halakha lemaise you could just straight out you could just straight out eat it. 20:10 Okay, so the Gemara says as follows. 20:12 Now we're not finished, we're not finished. 20:13 So the sorry, the Shulchan Aruch says good, fine. 20:18 So one more halakha actually no, we'll leave that. 20:21 So we'll say, so here's what's interesting. 20:23 So yet you don't really find people eating eating grasshoppers today, although Elliot Ein-Byne sent me a sent me a video of a Rosh Yeshiva eating grasshoppers, but okay, we'll leave that. 20:35 I don't know that that Rosh Yeshiva is happy about the video going viral like that, but okay, that's a different discussion. 20:39 Anyway, so we'll say, so why not? 20:41 Why not, right? Why don't we find it? 20:42 So we'll say there is a very important Taz. 20:45 The Taz says as follows. 20:47 The Taz says ועכשיו נוהגים שלא לאכול שום חגב. 20:53 Our custom today is we do not eat grasshoppers. 20:56 He says אפילו בידוע ששמו חגב, even if we know that it's known as chagav, why? 21:01 לפי שאין אנו בקיאין בשמותיהם. Because we're just simply not we're not knowledgeable. 21:08 We're not knowledgeable. Now again, it doesn't mean that if someone is knowledgeable and they know for sure with explicit clarity that you can, again, of course, just pointing out if you want to understand why this is not done today. 21:19 It's really not done, it's essentially because again we don't have a mesorah for it. 21:24 We just simply don't have a mesorah for it. 21:27 Surprisingly enough the consumption of grasshoppers just kind of fell by the wayside, right? 21:30 But lemaise, right? But lemaise, there's no mesorah for it. 21:34 And again, this already goes back to the Taz. 21:36 ועכשיו נוהגים שלא לאכול שום חגב. We don't eat grasshoppers. 21:40 אפילו בידוע ששמו חגב לפי שאין אנו בקיאין בשמותיהם. We're not knowledgeable about their names. 21:45 And therefore again halakha lemaise, that's why you will not find grasshoppers consumed today. 21:50 Good rabosai, that is the sugya ultimately again for grasshoppers. 21:54 Although it's said that it tastes like chicken, right? 21:57 But at the end of the day, at the end of the day, halakha lemaise we our at least our mesorah is that we don't eat it. 22:04 Okay, incredible rabosai. I'll just point out rabosai something absolutely amazing, which is remember in as we begin to go through all of the simanim of kosher animals, we also begin to see that there's tremendous hashkafa between each of the simanim 22:18 as well. So it's interesting to note that again, what apparently one of the qualities that makes the kosher grasshopper unique are the jumping feet, right? 22:28 Because again it's it's common for all grasshoppers to have wings, common for all grasshoppers to go ahead and have and have regular feet. 22:34 It's the jumping feet, interestingly enough, which seems to be one of the unique qualities along also with wingspan and wing length. 22:42 Rabosai, but a point of course the mussar haskel is very profound, right? 22:45 Because again remember, Yiddishkeit was the one who introduced us to this concept that you are what you eat. 22:49 That's why we're very careful in general with what we eat because we believe that when you ingest something, you're not only ingesting, you know, the the actual animal itself, but you're ingesting the midos of whatever it is that you are 23:01 consuming as well. So rabosai, the notion of jumping feet is such a tremendous powerful yesod. 23:07 What's the chillek between jumping feet and regular feet? 23:10 So I would imagine, right? 23:11 I would imagine the big chillek is regular feet, right? 23:14 How far can you walk in any given moment? 23:16 How far can you walk? 23:17 As far as, you know, one leg span. 23:19 But the incredible part about jumping feet is how far can you go? 23:23 How far can you go as far, as far ultimately again as those legs will take you. 23:29 So rabosai, the mussar haskel in the jumping feet is that sometimes instantaneous, dramatic, meteoric change is possible. 23:38 Now whether or not that's the right idea, whether or not that's the right idea, general in the world of change, so slow and steady is usually the best way to go. 23:48 But rabosai, but there are times in life where I'm in such a negative place that I need to do something dramatic. 23:55 I have to do something bigger. 23:58 It's not enough just to move my regular feet, I need to move my jumping feet. 24:03 I need to extricate myself from where I am right now and I just need to do something big and I need to do something bold. 24:13 And lest you think that that is not possible, comes along our best friends the locusts, the kosher locusts and tell us yes it is. 24:23 Because a Yid, if a locust has jumping feet, if a locust has jumping feet, then can you imagine what a Yid has? 24:29 Can you imagine what I have rabosai? 24:31 So just to point out, may not be the ideal, in general again in change slow and steady, but we've all been in those moments I need to do something absolutely dramatic. 24:51 Lest you think that that is impossible, the mussar haskel of the locust says: if the locust has jumping feet and can move itself dramatically from point A to point B, if the locust can do it, then when necessary, I can do 25:05 it as well. We may not eat it, but we absolutely have to live it. 25:11 So, rabosai, let's go weiter. 25:13 Now we're up to the fish. 25:15 Okay, rabosai, fish. ובדגים כל שיש לו סנפיר וקשקשת. 25:17 When it comes to fish, rabosai, also I want to point out, the fact when something doesn't need shechita, it doesn't need shechita, what it sounds like is you could just take a bite out of a live one also, right? 25:29 lav davka that it has to be dead. 25:31 If it doesn't require shechita of any sort, then ultimately again, one could just eat it live. 25:36 Okay, there's a machlokes about that because some say even a ben Noach is not supposed to eat anything that's living because again that's a din ultimately of like shratzim, things like that. 25:43 But again we'll come back to that when we see fish. 25:45 Because by fish, this is going to come up as well, right? 25:47 Because fish do not require shechita either. 25:51 So the shaila just is, so what does need to be done to a fish ultimately before consuming it? 25:55 So we'll loop back both by fish as well as by locust im yirtzeh Hashem. 25:59 Says the Gemara: ובדגים כל שיש לו סנפיר וקשקשת. 26:03 By fish, anything that has fins and scales. 26:06 tanu rabbanan: אין לו עכשיו ועתיד לגדל לאחר זמן. So, rabosai, this is fascinating. 26:13 What happens if you have a fish that right now, right now does not have, now again rabosai, generally where this comes up is not as much by fins, but by scales. 26:24 You do have fish that do not have scales early in their maturation or earlier in their lives and will develop scales later on. 26:31 So, rabosai, so what is it? 26:32 So now what is the halacha if it doesn't have now but it will have later on? 26:37 כגון הסולתנית והעפיאן הרי זה מותר. Ultimately again it's mutar. 26:43 It's mutar again. יש לו עכשיו ועתיד להשיר בשעה שעולה מן המים. 26:47 What happens if halacha l'maaseh, halacha l'maaseh, what happens if you have a fish that has scales when it's in the water, but when you take it out of the water, it sheds its scales? 26:59 כגון אקונס אפונס כספיטיים ועכספיטיים ואטונס הרי זה מותר. It's mutar. Now again rabosai, what's interesting is these are actually types of fish, right? 27:14 So they had fish like this, fish that either develop scales a little bit later on in life or ultimately again when you took it out of the water it shed its scales. 27:22 The halacha is harei zeh mutar. 27:24 So, rabosai, seems to be the rule is, as long as at some point in time this fish is going to go ahead and have scales, again whether it's going to develop it later on or even I know that it had 27:35 it before I caught it but now once I took it out of the water it shed, as long as it did have at some point in its life fins and scales, even if it doesn't currently have it right now, halacha l'maaseh, 27:46 the fish is kosher. 27:49 Incredible. So, rabosai, I mentioned, I mentioned yesterday, in yesterday's shiur, I gave a shoutout to Mr. 27:54 Ringo about the, in South Africa there was this big machlokes about this kingklip fish. 28:00 If you'll, you'll take a look, I'm going to post, I'm going to post about it on the, on the chat later on. 28:04 The kingklip fish is fascinating because it's a bottom feeder. 28:07 So it's a little bit like in the, fascinating, it's a kosher fish, like in the eel, but it's not an eel, but it's in like the eel, eel adjacent. 28:15 It's eel adjacent, right? 28:17 It identifies as an eel, right? 28:19 So, rabosai, so halacha l'maaseh, so interestingly enough, it's, so what's fascinating about this is, when they caught this fish, you can't find, it's hard to find scales on it. 28:31 It's fascinating because it has like a slimy exterior, slimy exterior because since it's a little bit of a bottom dweller, it glides between rocks. 28:39 HaKadosh Baruch Hu's briyah is fascinating. So because it often glides between rocks in order that its body doesn't get damaged, the Ribbono Shel Olam created it with like this slimy exterior so it slides against the rocks. 28:50 So this came up a number of years ago, a number of years ago, and actually it came to the, to the poskim in OU Kashrus. 28:57 The OU declined to pasken on it. 29:00 It's fascinating why? Because they essentially said this is a South African issue. 29:05 Because, because it's indigenous, it's indigenous to the waters off South Africa, so they're like let the South African Beis Din deal with it. 29:14 So this was a big machlokes in South Africa. 29:17 So, rabosai, it's actually fascinating. 29:18 So it turns out the kingklip does have scales. 29:22 They're very, they're very, they're very unrecognizable when you peel it back. 29:26 But they're there. But what's interesting is the way they pasken in South Africa, and this I never saw this before, they said it's kosher, but not mehadrin. Kosher but not mehadrin, right? 29:35 Only Jews come up with stuff like this, right? 29:38 Which which means that it's kosher, but it appears that the fear was because the scales really are not noticeable. 29:47 So therefore perhaps, perhaps, it's not, I don't know, I don't know, Mr. 29:52 Ringo, did the kosher restaurant serve it in South Africa? 29:55 They don't. Incredible. Incredible, right? 29:58 So, apparently if you go fishing, you could go and catch it for yourself. 30:02 But kosher they pasken it's kosher that it has scales but not mehadrin. 30:05 So fascinating. So I will say, so people used to, this is what's fascinating. 30:08 The reason I'm bringing this up is because people used to think that what ended up happening was that when you caught it and you took it out of the water, it shed its scales, and that's why you can't find them. 30:16 It turns out that wasn't the case. 30:18 The scales are there even when you take it out of the water, just the scales are very unnoticeable. 30:23 So again, that's why they pasken kosher but not mehadrin, but I will say, but it was actually very beautiful that a lot of the, a lot of the, call it, state-side kashrus agencies did not want to rule on it and they 30:34 were deferential to the Beis Din of the Beis Din, I guess it was the Johannesburg Beis Din or the Cape Town Beis Din. 30:38 Right, one of the battei din in South Africa, they were deferential to them, like again, this is a South Africa issue and lemaiseh, not the biggest issue in South Africa, right, right? 30:50 But lemaiseh for the Jewish community, again, this was big stuff, so they punted it to South Africa, and again, kosher but not mehadrin. 30:57 Quite fascinating. In any event, so Gemara says, rabosai, but bottom line for us, if you were to go ahead and have a fish that halacha lemaiseh either were to develop its scales later on, or when taken out of the water ultimately 31:11 again sheds its scales, halacha lemaiseh the fish is kosher. 31:16 The fish is kosher. 31:17 So the Gemara goes veiter, the Gemara says, tenan hasom. 31:20 Second, rabosai, second line from the top, ס\"ו עמוד ב, 66b, tenan hasom: כל שיש לו קשקשת יש לו סנפיר. 31:27 So rabosai, this is actually quite fascinating. 31:30 Gemara says as follows: any fish that has scales, by definition, has fins. 31:36 Now, rabosai, let's say you were to go ahead and go fishing and you were to, I've been fishing once. 31:43 I caught a can. 31:45 Mammash caught a can. 31:45 I caught a can. 31:46 Yeah, yeah. Yeah, I caught a can. 31:48 That was, that was the extent of it in the Chesapeake. 31:51 Right, that was. But I did learn to drink beer on that, so something, something positive. 31:58 You spend enough time on a boat and you're not catching anything and there's nothing else to do, but okay, so Gemara says as follows. 32:05 So Gemara says like this: so tenan, tenan hasom: So this is very interesting. 32:10 Anything that has scales, by definition, has fins. 32:14 Now, rabosai, this is very important because let's say you were to catch a fish and again, I don't know, let's say the fish has some type of mutation, so you caught something that had scales but didn't have fins. 32:23 So obviously I look at it, I'm like it needs fins and scales. 32:26 Gemara gives you a klal: if it has scales, it definitely has fins also. 32:31 Sheyesh lo snapir and Gemara says ויש לו סנפיר ואין לו קשקשת. 32:36 However, of course, there are fish that have fins that do not have scales. 32:43 Okay? יש לו קשקשת ויש לו סנפיר. So therefore if a fish has scales and it has fins, dag tahor, we know that this is a kosher fish. 32:51 יש לו סנפיר ואין לו קשקשת, if ultimately again, if it has fins but it does not have scales, dag tamei. 33:01 Ultimately again it is going to be a non-kosher fish. 33:04 Now again, rabosai, we're going to do this not today, we're going to do this tomorrow, but one of the, one of the, the reasons why this is important is because this comes up, what about like buying fish in a non-kosher, 33:15 in a non-kosher fish market? 33:17 Or a non-kosher, let's say you go to the supermarket, right? 33:19 The supermarket has a fishery. 33:21 Can I buy kosher fish in a, in a, just in a supermarket fish cold case? 33:27 Okay? So rabosai, so again, it would seem to be Gemara says, well if it has scales then by definition I know that it had fins, which means that it's a kosher fish. 33:36 So we'll talk about that. 33:37 We'll talk about the halacha and also the hashkafa of doing so. 33:40 Michdi, Gemara let's go veiter, Michdi, akaskesses kasmichinan. 33:44 So rabosai, now what you're telling me essentially is as much as we said that the simanim for a kosher fish are fins and scales, yet interestingly enough, really what does it come down to? 33:52 What do we really have to look for? 33:53 Scales. Because any fish that has scales, by definition, has fins as well. 34:00 So therefore the Gemara says: מכדי אקשקשת סמכינן לכתוב רחמנא קשקשת ולא לכתוב סנפיר. 34:06 So let's make life so much easier. 34:10 Just don't write anything about fins. 34:12 Just say that the simanim of a kosher fish ultimately again are kaskesses. 34:16 And that's it, scales. 34:18 And by definition, once it has scales, I know also that it's going to have fins. 34:21 So Gemara says this is very interesting. 34:23 אי כתב רחמנא קשקשת ולא כתב סנפיר, had the Torah just written the word kaskesses and not written snapir... 34:32 so rabosai, now remember again, when we look at these words, we have no idea what they mean. 34:37 So had the Torah just written... 34:38 And one word instead of a kosher fish has kaskasses, I would have thought or potentially I could have thought הוה אמינא מאי קשקשת סנפיר. 34:46 I would have thought that what does kaskasses mean? 34:48 Maybe kaskasses means fins. 34:51 Maybe maybe maybe that's what the word means. 34:53 So the Gemara says ve'afillu dag tamei. 34:55 And therefore rabosai what that would have ended up telling me any fish that has fins ultimately again is going to go ahead and be kosher. 35:04 Now that obviously would have also included many technically non-kosher fish. 35:07 Therefore the Gemara says כתב רחמנא סנפיר וקשקשת. 35:11 Therefore the Torah goes out of its way to say both snapir and kaskasses. 35:15 So now I know snapir so rabosai so now I know that snapir ultimately again means fins. 35:20 Kaskasses is going to mean scales. 35:22 Gemara says well by the way how do you know that? 35:23 והשתא דכתב רחמנא סנפיר וקשקשת ממאי דקשקשת לבושו הוא. Now by the way so now that you're telling me that there's a little bit of like etymological ambiguity, so how do I know that kaskasses actually means scales? 35:37 How how how do I know that? 35:39 To which the Gemara says דכתיב ושריון קשקשים הוא לבוש. 35:42 So rabosai this is pretty incredible because the pasuk says that literally again he wore a siryon kaskassim. 35:51 This is talking about Golyas. 35:54 Right? So ultimately again and this is this is the famous perek over Dovid HaMelech Dovid well before he's even Dovid right? 35:59 well he's already Dovid HaMelech he goes to war against well he goes to battle one on one battle against Golyas. 36:04 So the pasuk here describes ultimately again the armaments of Golyas כובע נחושת על ראשו ושריון קשקשים. 36:12 Siryon kaskassim literally means a a a coat of armor. 36:18 Now rabosai remember again how was their armor made? 36:20 It was pieces of metal overlay over each other like scales. 36:24 Like scales. So the Gemara says so therefore again that interestingly enough I now so it's fascinating just to say everything builds on each other. 36:32 Had it just said one word as the siman for kosher fish, I would have assumed I would have assumed fins. 36:38 Now that it says snapir vekaskasses so we have so snapir means fins so kaskasses means scales. 36:44 Oh now that makes a lot of sense because when describing the armor of Golyas it uses lashon also of kaskassim. 36:48 אי וליכתוב רחמנא so rabosai so once again then now we're back to our original we're back to our original question which was: So now I have biblical proof that kaskassim means scales. 37:02 Again rabosai remember again what were we concerned about? 37:04 We were concerned before the Gemara right? 37:06 what was the Gemara's question? 37:06 The Gemara says if you tell me if you tell me that your rule is true which is any fish that has scales automatically has fins. 37:15 So if that's the case just write just write that the siman of a kosher fish is scales because if it has scales I know that it has fins. 37:22 Gemara says no no no you can't do that because if it would have just said one word let's say it would have just said kaskasses I would have thought kaskasses means fins not scales. 37:31 To which the Gemara says no not true. 37:34 I still would have known that kaskasses means scales. 37:36 How would I know that? 37:37 The pasuk in Shmuel Aleph by Golyas because it talks about his his armor and it calls it kaskassim so I would have known that it's scales. 37:46 We're back to the original question. 37:47 If that's the case then just write scales by the kosher fish. 37:52 And again I know that if it has scales it also has fins. 37:54 וליכתוב רחמנא קשקשת ולא ליכתוב ולא ליכתוב סנפיר. So just write kaskasses and ultimately again don't don't write snapir. Rabosai it's incredible אמר רבי אבהו וכן תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל יגדיל תורה ויאדיר. 38:09 So rabosai listen to this. 38:11 Listen to this. So the answer the Gemara says is you're right. 38:14 You're right. You're right. 38:15 The Torah could have just written kaskasses it could have just written scales and I would have known that if the animal if the fish possesses scales it certainly has fins. 38:24 So why write both fins and scales? 38:27 Yagdil torah veyadir. So rabosai the Gemara quotes the pasuk from Yeshaya ה' חפץ למען צדקו. 38:34 HaKadosh Baruch Hu ultimately again desires to do good to bestow tzedakah yagdil torah veyadir literally translated yagdil torah he amplifies Torah veyadir and its glory. 38:48 Which seems to be what the Gemara is saying is like this: It didn't need to be written. 38:52 So why did HaKadosh Baruch Hu write it? 38:54 He wanted to give us more Torah. 38:57 He wanted to give us more Torah. 38:58 You didn't need it but he wanted yagdil torah he wanted to give us more Torah because the more Torah ultimately again the more glory. 39:07 The more Torah the more beauty. 39:09 If you look at Tosafos Tosafos is right across yagdil torah veyadir הרבה אמר לנו טעמים לידע מהו קשקשת. 39:15 So so Tosafos understands it Tosafos understands that ultimately the Torah is giving us more information so that we should be explicitly clear as to what snapir and kaskasses is. 39:28 It's hard to really understand that because it seems to be abundantly clear what kaskasses is what snapir is and also after you tell me a rule that if it has scales it by definition has fins. 39:38 by definition the need to go ahead and include fins seems to be redundant. 39:42 Okay, so Tosafos still understands Hakadosh Baruch Hu wants to dispel any and all ambiguity and therefore gives us all the information. 39:49 But the pashut pshat, the pashut pshat seems to be as you're right, Hakadosh Baruch Hu didn't need to say it. 39:54 Didn't need to say it. 39:55 So why does he say it? 39:57 Because he wants to give us more Torah. 39:59 He wants to give us more Torah. Rabosai, you know what this is like? 40:02 You know what this is like? 40:04 Rabosai, a person is privileged to have a spouse, or a person is privileged Baruch Hashem to have a child, right? 40:12 Or a parent, right? 40:13 But I think you find this more sometimes in the relationships with the spouse and child. 40:17 Rabosai, it's important every single time you close out your relationship with your spouse or with your child, every single conversation should always end with the same three words, which is, I love you. 40:30 I love you. Whenever you hang up the phone with your wife, you should always say, I love you. 40:35 Right? You say goodbye to your child, I love you. 40:38 I love you. Now why? 40:40 Now why? They know it. 40:41 They already know it. 40:43 Rabosai, because the more times you say it, ultimately again, the more palpable, beautiful, and holy energy that you create in your life relationships. 40:53 Hakadosh Baruch Hu didn't need to say it. 40:55 But you have to understand something, every word of Torah that Hakadosh Baruch Hu gives us is the Ribono Shel Olam telling us I love you. 41:02 That's what Torah is. 41:03 You see Rabosai, we often have such a skewed view which is we look at Torah as like as like a list of do's and don'ts. 41:09 Hakadosh Baruch Hu is like foisting commands upon us. 41:13 And right? And when you look at Torah and you look at Yiddishkeit that way, that's why it's natural Rabosai, if there's one thing that people don't like, it is, it is being told what to do. 41:25 No one likes to be told what to do. 41:27 That's why the most common first word for children in the English language is, no. 41:32 No. Maybe because it's monosyllabic or whatever it is, but because again, what does no represent? 41:37 No is the most natural way to flex your muscles of self-autonomy. 41:41 Don't tell me what to do. 41:44 Don't tell me. I'm mamash running around in a diaper. 41:47 You can't do anything yourself, but ani a gever, I'm the man, don't tell me what to do. 41:51 No, I got this. 41:52 I got this. I don't need any adult choreographing my life. 41:55 I know everything. No. 41:56 Right? So when we see it in a child it's ridiculous. 41:58 We do the same thing all the time in life. 42:01 We do the same thing all the time. 42:02 I say Hakadosh Baruch Hu, no. 42:03 Don't tell me what to do. 42:05 I know you're God. 42:06 I know you're God, I'm Shmuel Silver, don't tell me what to do. 42:08 I got this. Now when you say it, it sounds ridiculous. 42:11 But we do it all the time. 42:13 We do it all the time. 42:14 But that only comes about if you feel that your Yiddishkeit is something that is foisted upon you. 42:22 So if you feel that Hakadosh Baruch Hu is coming along and putting a system, imposing a system on me, he's telling me you can do this, you can't, don't tell me what to do. 42:32 So if you feel it's something being imposed upon you, of course I'm gonna find a way to flex my muscles of self-autonomy, right? 42:37 And I'll do it. 42:38 I'll find this kula, I'll find that kula, I'll find this way, this doesn't apply, this doesn't apply, I don't hold that way, that's not my hashkafa, that's not my this, all this stuff that we make up in order to extricate 42:47 ourselves from all the obligations that we have in our Yiddishkeit. 42:50 But if you understand that every single word of Torah, every single mitzvah, every single halacha is I love you, it's I love you. 42:57 Hakadosh Baruch Hu's saying I love you, I love you so of course I want it. 43:01 Who doesn't want to hear I love you? 43:02 Who doesn't Rabosai, who doesn't want to hear someone say to them I love you? 43:07 Who doesn't, and who doesn't melt when you hear an I love you from someone, right? 43:11 It changes your life when someone says I love you even if you don't love them back. 43:15 Right? Still, right, still a maiseh, right, there's nothing better to hear that I love you. 43:21 So Yagdil Torah Veyadir, as Hakadosh Baruch Hu saying, you know what, sometimes, sometimes I just say stuff because I want to. 43:29 Because I'm God. I know I don't have to. 43:31 I know I don't have to. 43:33 But if you look at every single word in Torah as an I love you, sometimes Hakadosh Baruch Hu just wants to get in another I love you. 43:41 I love you. Just just a little, it's like kind of like saying goodbye to someone. 43:44 You know, sometimes you know, you don't want to say goodbye so you keep saying it, you know, in my family we're notorious for like long goodbyes. 43:50 Right? Goodbyes take like an extra 20 minutes, whatever a time, right? 43:54 I love you, oh bye, bye, a hug, a kiss, a this, a this, a that. 43:58 Right? That's what this is. 43:59 Hakadosh Baruch Hu didn't need to say it, but he wanted to say it because every single word is an I love you. 44:06 Rabosai, that's the power. 44:07 But you have to ask yourself one question then we're going to go veiter. 44:09 Why does Hakadosh Baruch Hu choose to do this davka by the fish? 44:12 Davka by the fish, right? 44:15 It's almost as if the one place in the Torah, right? 44:17 Because Rabosai, generally it's very important to understand, generally we operate with the idea, how many extra words are there in the Torah? 44:23 How many extra? Zero. 44:26 Except apparently there's one, right? 44:27 There's, we go through our whole hazkarah kadoshah, there's no such thing as an extra word in the Torah, everything is for a purpose. 44:33 Well, maybe not. Maybe there is an actual extra word in the Torah, snapier. 44:38 here because apparently we didn't need it because all the Torah could have said ultimately was kaskesses scales and I know that every single fish that has scales also has fins and you're good to go yet Hakadosh Baruch Hu decided to put one 44:52 extra word in the Torah one extra word because it's an I love you but because he doesn't want because he's an I love you but why here why why why is this the extra word right why is this the place 45:04 where Hakadosh Baruch Hu does the I love you so Raboisai there's a tremendous Mussar Haskel in the kosher simanim of a fish right what are the kosher simanim of a fish ultimately fins and scales Raboisai what's the Hashkafa of fins and scales so remember it's 45:16 incredible scales scales right scales ultimately again are the armor of the fish right the scales go ahead and protect the fish from from any type of outside danger a yid has to create scales the world is a spiritually dangerous place 45:33 so you have two options option number one is recede hide and stay away that's not an option to go ahead and insulate yourself in totality from the world and to withdraw from the world Raboisai is a shirking of the Jew's 45:49 moral ethical and spiritual responsibilities the Ribbono Shel Olam wants us involved Hakadosh Baruch Hu wants us to influence Hashem wants us to be an Or L'goiyim a light unto the nations and you can't be a light if you cloister and cocoon yourself in your own 46:08 daled amos you gotta get out there you gotta be in the world you have to make a Kiddush Hashem each and every day but being in the world is dangerous you're right that's why you need scales that's why you need scales a 46:22 Jew has to bolster armor themselves and Raboisai that's what we do every day how how how do you build up your scales every blat of Gemara is building up your scales every Mitzvah every Tzedakah every Chesed that we do every 46:34 Tefillah every everything we do builds up the scales to give us spiritual resilience and tolerance so that when we go out into the world which is our sacred and moral obligation to make an impact to have an influence but we 46:49 are strong we are secure in who and what we are those are the scales of the yid Raboisai there's another middah what's the other middah fins here's what's incredible what can you do with fins what can you do with what can 47:03 you do with fins fins you can swim Raboisai but it's not just swimming what you know what you could do with fins with fins you could swim against the current see a fish that doesn't Raboisai this is actually very interesting 47:16 eels for example eels can really only go with the current right because they don't have fins right but ultimately again fish fish with fins have the ability to go ahead and swim against the current what it means to be a 47:30 yid ultimately again sometimes Raboisai sometimes you have to go with the flow sometimes you have to go with the flow and sometimes you have to realize that this current is taking me in the wrong direction and I have to have 47:39 the strength to swim back against it so the one place in the Torah where Hakadosh Baruch Hu gives an extra word right the one place Hakadosh Baruch Hu says stop here and I want to tell you that I love you is where he imparts 47:50 perhaps the most important message for the Jew a yid has to have fins and scales get out into the world do not hide do not recede do not withdraw do not run get into the world and ultimately make a difference 48:05 but make sure you have scales cuz if you don't have scales this world will swallow you whole and you will fundamentally and totally lose yourself as happens to so many of our brothers and sisters you need to have scales if 48:20 you want to make a difference in this world and make sure you flex your fins flex your fins know Raboisai sometimes go with the flow but there are moments in life when you have to be able to swim against the 48:31 current don't be afraid to do so and know that you are armed with the beautiful and holy fins to do so this is the one place in the Torah where Hakadosh Baruch Hu says stop stop pause I'm giving you an extra word 48:45 to tell you that I love you Yagdil Torah V'yadir and also because he wants us to focus on this ever important dramatic and overwhelming life lesson a successful yid is a yid with fins and scales incredible Raboisai all right let's go vaiteir 48:59 a little bit let's go Tanna d'bei ממה שנאמר אכול שיש לו שומע אני אל תאכל שאין לו so Raboisai let's go vaiteir so now the Torah says as follows so now from the fact that the posuk says eat fish that have fins and scales so I also what's the inference from 49:15 that don't eat fish that don't have fins and scales okay pretty pretty pretty straightforward or ממה שנאמר אל תאכל שאין לו so Raboisai so now that I understand also don't eat fish that don't have fins and scales שומע אני אכול את שיש לו so again I can eat things that 49:33 right I can eat fish that do have for the fact that it says don't eat fish that don't so Raboisai let me let me just explain The posuk by fish is very interesting because ultimately it's phrased in the positive and 49:46 the negative. So the posuk says let me just read to you the two psukim this is Vayikra Yud-Aleph Tes and Yud. 49:52 את זה תאכלו מכל אשר במים. This is what you should eat from that which is found in the waters, כל אשר לו סנפיר וקשקשת. 50:00 anything that has fins and scales. 50:02 And then the posuk says, וכל אשר אין לו סנפיר וקשקשת במים. 50:05 right, don't eat. So it's fascinating. 50:09 Gemara says like it's why you don't usually find psukim that are phrased this way, both in the positive and the negative. 50:15 Velama shinan? So Tosafos says so why mention it both in the positive and the negative? 50:19 לעבור עליו בעשה ולא תעשה. Because it was to teach you that if you go ahead and you eat a non-kosher fish without fins and scales, then what? 50:28 You are in violation of an asei and a lo sa'asei. 50:32 An asei and lo sa'asei, incredible. 50:33 תאכלו מכל אשר במים. So the posuk says you shall eat from whatever is in the waters. 50:39 Again, remember if it has fins and scales, you shall eat from it. 50:42 Ma talmud lomar? הוא והתיר במפורש והתיר בסתם. So rabosai, this is very interesting. 50:47 So once the Torah went ahead and permitted that which was explicit, it also permitted that which was stam. 50:52 We'll see what this means in just a moment. 50:54 Take a look at Rashi for just a moment. 50:55 Ho'il vehitir, שרץ המים בלא סימני טהרה בשני מקראות אחד סתום ואחד מפורש. Now rabosai, what we're going to see now is as follows. 51:03 The Torah is going to make a fundamental sorry, the Gemara's going to make a fundamental distinction between what we'll call water creatures found in what we'll call bodies of water versus water creatures found in what we'll call contained and limited 51:20 sources of water. For example, you know a water creatures found let's say in rivers, streams, versus water creatures that are found in a kli, in a receptacle. 51:30 A receptacle. That's, that's what's about to unfold over here. 51:34 So watch this. מה כשהתיר במפורש לא התיר אלא בכלים. 51:37 So rabosai, ultimately again, when it allowed for the mefurash, so when the Torah says, so rabosai, here's what the Gemara's picking up on. 51:46 When the Torah says that you cannot eat a water creature that doesn't have a snapir ve-kaskeses, the way it mentioned it is וכל אשר אין לו סנפיר וקשקשת במים ובנחלים. 51:58 Anything that does not have fins and scales, bamayim means bodies of water, uvenachalim, streams. 52:06 That's when you can't eat it. 52:07 So interestingly enough, מה כשהתיר במפורש לא התיר אלא בכלים אף כשהתיר בסתם לא התיר אלא בכלים. 52:13 So rabosai, now listen to this. 52:15 Now what seems to be unfolding over here is that halacha lmaise, you can't eat water creatures that don't have fins and scales when they are in bodies of water. 52:25 But let's say for example, you have a water creature that's in a cup, that developed in a cup. 52:31 Rabosai, by the way, this is going to have impact by the way. 52:34 You remember there was a whole to-do about the water in New York, right, with the microbial stuff and things like this, right? 52:42 So interestingly enough, the Gemara says it's quite possible that the issue of water creatures having fins and scales is only a din in open bodies of water. 52:53 But let's say you have a water creature, larvae let's say, you know in a kli, how do I know that that's totally fine? 52:58 That's not governed by the fins and scale obligation. 53:01 מנין לרבות בורות שיחין ומערות ששוחה ושותה ואינו נמנע? Now how do I know that I could rabosai go to a pool of water, sichin ume'aros, right, boros of course means pits, cisterns and caves. 53:14 How do I know that I could go to a pool of water, right, one of these bodies of water, bend down and drink water from there and I don't have to be concerned about whatever sea creatures may be lurking in 53:26 there, but I could just drink the water? 53:27 Ay, it doesn't have fins and scales, that's okay. 53:30 Because remember again, when it comes to fins and scales, the Torah is very specific to talk about yamim and nechalim. 53:37 But it would seem to indicate to me that halacha lmaise, sea creatures found in any other contained bodies of water are not problematic even if they don't have fins and scales. 53:45 תלמוד לומר תאכלו מכל אשר במים. Therefore the posuk says consume anything you will find in the water. 53:51 Heichan hitir? Where did it permit it? 53:53 Bikelim, in utensils, דכתיב את זה תאכלו מכל אשר במים. 53:58 This is what you should eat found in a body of water. 54:01 בימים ובנחלים הוא דכי אית ליה אכול. So ultimately again when you find it in yamim, in seas, right, or when you find it in streams, so that's if it has fins and scales you can eat it. 54:12 דלית ליה לא תיכול. If it doesn't have it, you can't eat it. 54:15 Ha bikelim, but if you find water creatures in utensils, אף על גב דלית ליה אכול, even if it doesn't have fins and scales apparently you're still allowed to eat it. 54:26 איי אימא בכלים אף על גב דאית ליה לא תיכול? Maybe not? Maybe even in kelim if it doesn't have fins and scales you can't consume it? 54:34 לא סלקא דעתך דכתיב וכל אשר לא אין וכל אשר אין לו סנפיר וקשקשת בימים ובנחלים מכל שרץ המים בימים ובנחלים דלית ליה לא תיכול. It's only in bodies of water where there's a prohibition to eat it. 54:49 הבכלים אף על גב דלית ליה אכול. Ultimately again, but in keilim Rabosei, if it's in utensils, even if it doesn't have fins and scales you can. 54:58 Rabosei, so what the Gemara seems to be highlighting here is really something fascinating. 55:01 That if you have water creatures that are naturally found, let's say again in utensils, even if they do not have fins and scales halacha l'maisa, halacha l'maisa fit for consumption. 55:12 Fascinating. Again, we'll have to see what the halacha l'maise is. 55:14 And the Gemara says u'prat, I'm sorry, ve'eima bamayim klal. Rabosei, we'll stop over here for today. 55:20 We'll pick up be'ezras Hashem with this tomorrow. 55:21 Again, much much still to talk about in this sugya. 55:25 We've established, again, for normative fish in bodies of water, fins and scales. 55:29 How this actually plays itself out when you have, let's say, larvae or other things like that in utensils or in other bodies of water, to be determined. 55:37 So Rabosei, sh'koach. Incredible. Have a great day everyone. 55:40 Baruch Hashem. Bravo.
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