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0:13 All right, I will say good morning. Good morning everyone. such a to begin the new month together with school and begin by thanking all of our sponsors for this morning shar to thank our sponsors still for the month of one sorry for the month of one last day for dedicating all the this month memory 0:37 of Ben Abraham sponsors for today and Sarah Steinberg and disclosive continued health and for her ultimate formul as formuli's father and Mel and Karen Ram of Toronto the Elo Nishmas Mel's grandmother FG Raza Bas 1:02 Mosha bear whose 62nd yard site is today. She had an exceptionally hard life raising a Jewish family in Goththingberg. She lost two husbands, worked two jobs to pay her rent, and passed away at a relatively young age, leaving Mel's mother without parents at only 21 years old. 1:22 That she had clearly paved the way for the beautiful family that she has her all together to look after our brothers and sisters in our holy soldiers should be successful. Because with that let us begin today's d is mev 46. We are picking up on me 45b and we left off 1:48 we left offra which is which is 2 4 six lines up from the bottom. Very interesting. So as remember again in yesterday's d we were speaking about essentially at what point in time does the spinal cord begin. So remember again the Gimar spoke about the idea of the occipital loes the pulin that the Gimar called them that's the kind of point of demarcation. 2:12 Anything inside of the cranium is considered to be the brain. Anything outside is considered to be the spinal cord. So the Gimar says okay that's on the front end or we call the top end. What about on the towards the back? How far down on the animal does the spinal cord extend? So says now literally translated until the branches. Now again if you 2:39 look yesterday and yesterday I put on the chat a number of different images. Today actually the images are really just from the art scroll itself. If you notice the way the spinal cord of an animal is set up is the way it works is it branches down and as it branches down it continuously branches off into smaller branches as it gets to the lower part of the animal. So the gimar so this is what's called abena. So you can see 3:03 over here this picture in the WhatsApp chat this is a this is just a picture of branches. So this represents the bottom of the spinal again it's in the chat I put in the chat. So this is this is in the bottom of the spinal cord. As you get towards let's say the the the what like the rear of the animal, the spinal cord itself begins to go ahead and branch off. And you can see over here essentially there's three different 3:26 junctures. There's what the Gimar calls pia para. We're going to see all of this in just a moment. There's the pia para which is the beginning of the part where it splits off. There's junction one which is para alif. Junction two para b junction three para giml. Okay. Not very imaginative names but descriptive and helpful right so say so these are the different junctures so the gimmar says as follows so the gimar says up until 3:51 what point in time is it considered to be now remember again this is not just like a matter of biology why do we need to know up until which point in time up until which point does the spinal cord because remember again different parts of the body are governed by different hilos trafa so I need to know where the spinal cord begins where the spinal cord ends this is not just a matter of semantics these are very important details. 4:14 Listen to this was traveling to he came you show me where is on the animal where where what does it mean between the junctures? What where exactly is this area? 4:40 Bring me a goat, right? Bring me a kid and I'll go and I'll show it to you. We'll sh it. We'll open it up and I'll show it to you. So, so he brought him a very very zap, a very a very a very a fat goat, right? A fatty a fatty goat. So, here's the problem. Too much fat. And because that you won't be able to see the area in between the junctures. You won't be able to see because remember 5:04 say remember this is the spinal these are the branches of the spinal cord. So they're not as pronounced as the primary cord itself. So apparently if the animal's too fatty, you won't be able to see it. Okay. He brought him a very thin animal. Says that won't work either. Bit below ya. 5:21 That's not going to work either because apparently again if the hipbones are too pronounced the hip bones also dislodge the branches of the spinal cord. So the animal can't be too fat, the animal can't be too thin. Right. will say by the way there's also a tremendous is in this which is that there are different modalities right different learning modalities and the truth is the power of visual learning so we're going so 5:43 interestingly enough at the end of the day at the end of the day the says he wanted to show him it because obviously it's easier to see it than to describe it but once they couldn't find the right animal okay now that I now that I can't show it to you let me teach it to you what is the area this is what any severance in the spinal cord between we call the top of the cord which is the end of the cranium right the end of the 6:09 pulin the end of right the occipital loes and down up until the first juncture what the gimar calls the calls will say so again just referencing that picture in in the chat like I said the picture is not it's just descriptive but up until that what you see that p para right that that beginning of the juncture so up until parados up until the first juncture Any severance in the 6:32 majority of the cord is going to make it a traious. Interestingly enough, any rupture or breakage or split or severance by what what he calls the third juncture, right? The third juncture that's which is another way of saying what by the time you get to that third juncture that's not the spinal cord anymore. What is it? What is it? 6:55 It's flesh. It's buster. It's buster. Therefore, any type of severance or any type of rupture is not going to be a problemneode. What I'm not sure about is the area that we call para base right the second branch or the second juncture. What is that? What is that? Is that part of the spinal cord ultimately again or is that just bosser? Okay. So that's the area of suffic. 7:25 So we'll say so then of course this raises the follow-up question. What's the follow-up question when we say right when when said before up until the first juncture right the calls it branch I think right up until the first juncture. 7:40 So that's that's a trade. So when we say up until the first juncture is that up until and including the first juncture or just up until and not including asked 46 a second line down from the top said if you assume that it means not including what about the entrance way say Again, you can see that on the same image as 8:13 well. Para is essentially right before you get to the first right right at the right where the spinal cord begins to split off. Right? That's where the branches begin. That's called pa literally again you can see on the image over here mouth of the branch. That's right before it begins to branch off. So what is that? 8:34 Sorry. If you say up until the first means up until the first branch but not including it. So the first branch already itself is not included as part of the spinal cord. What about ultimately para what about the mouth of the branch right at the area where it begins right before it begins to split off. What's the status of that area? So asked 8:58 and if you hold that it means that up until the first means up until and including the first what about the branch itself? So the so these are the two kasha. So call that says the para ultimately again the branch itself ultimately again is treated like flesh. 9:22 Now again when we say treat it like flesh what that means is the same way that if an animal has a cut in its meat it's not a tra. So when we say we should treat it like flesh it means that it would not make the animal into a tra. So look what says the branch itself should be treated just like meat. So the says my love 9:47 are we not talking about again the first para are we not talking about again the first and second branches to which the says lowishes maybe not maybe we're only talking about the third says interestingly enough what seems to come out over here is the first branch the upright the first branch areas everyone seems to everyone's conclusion where it seems to be that's part of the spinal 10:10 cord third branch not part of the spinal cord really just buster. The shila is that in between area is that spinal cord or is that bosser and of course it's not as we said before it's not semantics because remember depending what part of the body you are categorized as or categorize depending on what part of the body you are categorized in 10:34 depending what category you're in right I got a lot of flack for making up words yesterday so I'm trying to be a little bit more careful today I got a got a lot of push back on lung lung was not very popular amongst But okay, so I'm trying so depending on what category you're in. So ultimately will determine the traa. So therefore, first branch seems to be is going to be part of the spinal cord. Third branch area just buster. Second branch area 10:58 going to be a little bit of suffix. So says what about in birds? What about in birds? So say remember again this image I also put on the chat. This was actually added I added it afterwards. I'm sorry. This is the second set of images where you have the chicken and the liver. two different images. So in the chicken the wants to know what how does the spinal cord extend what happens 11:21 ra says below the wings. So essentially according to Abanai the spinal cord extends down even past the wings past the wings if you can you can see it you can see it in the image over here so that that's position says no up until the area between the wings 11:45 say they hear this distinction below the wings ultimately again up until between the wings Okay. Said, "So one time I was in front of and they brought before him a bird and he went ahead and he checked the spinal cord up until the area between 12:11 the wings." Now say watch this story. Then he got a message that he had to report to the house of the and he left. Now say now watch what happened over here. So Ben Pazi was inspecting a bird for traus. He's getting to the spinal cord. He got to the area. He inspected it up until the area in between the wings. Then he gets this invit invitation. He gets he's gets summoned 12:34 to the house of the he leaves. He goes. Now what happens that what's the issue? Now here's what's very interesting. Said I'm not sure what happened. I'm not sure if it's that Ben Pazi only checked in the area up until the wings because said that's all he holds you have to check or what or he got called to the house of the ni and when the ni calls 13:04 you go you go. So this is fascinating. Whereas normally again we try in other words the one of the most powerful ways to ble is to see what people actually do but in this particular case we're not sure what motivated Benazi's action just to inspect up until the area between the wings which I will say of course is a tremendous muskll that so often we also 13:27 glean our realities by what we see by what we see people do by what we see people say but sometimes it's important to understand that there may be other contributing factors that may lead a person to act in a certain way and we may or may not be pretty to that information. So always be careful by about drawing conclusions from just what you're able to see and able to observe in other people's behavior because again more often than not I do not have the 13:52 full picture. Incredible. Okay, let's go back to say remember again the next piece in the Mishna was if the liver was removed, right? If the liver is missing then the animal is a traa. So the Gimra says what can you infer from here? Now the way the Mishna is the way the Mishna is phrased is if the liver is removed in its totality there's no liver. If there's no 14:15 liver then the animal does a tra infer from that what I could infer from that is that if there is anything left in the liver ultimately again the animal would be kosher. So the says now this is true even though what? Even though again there's not a Even though there's not a so 14:41 but we learned but we learned that if the liver was removed and a kaz was left ultimately again it's says we have a our makes it sound like in order for the animal not to be a tra all you need is is some amount yet again the gimar over here says that you the mishna says says that if the liver is taken, you require a 15:07 kaz. So which one is it? Is it a is it any amount or is it a loash? It's not a contradiction. It's two fundamentally different opinions. One is and one is two different opinions about the liver. 15:28 So the gimmar says the gimar says actually very interesting used to throw out the liver. In other words, he felt that the liver wasn't really wasn't really of a piece of meat for consumption would go ahead and take it and he would dip it. He would eat it. The way to remember this is rich people sometimes are misoli. Now what what's going on over here? Take a 15:53 look at Rashi for just a moment. Rashi says over here if you look at it's Rashi is in the intermediate lines right before it gets wide. Rashi says four lines from before it gets wide fully wide. So again so says so I'm sorry um if there was one who held that there has to be a kaz of the liver that's left. So if there wasn't the kaz of the liver see 16:22 he felt that the animal was a tra if the animal was a traa obviously it can't be consumed what do you do if it can't be consumed so you go ahead and you go ahead and you you feed it to your animal so that that was so says but but then would go ahead and dip with it what is that you look at he would eat it 16:47 interestingly felt that the liver was and he would go ahead and eat it. So again, did not feel that the liver was. So because then Rabia's model in order for the animal not to be a tra there had to be at least the kazayas of the liver left intact because the liver wasn't of enough on its own. Therefore it needed 17:23 to have a more of in order for the animal not to be afas of the liver to be intact. On the other hand that the liver liver was very because liver was veryash even a kosh even any amount of the liver ultimately again would render the animal a non say so again you hear the distinction so again according to the is 17:53 setting this up is it's a fundamental locus in order for the animal not to be a felt the liver wasn't wasn't because it wasn't therefore you need at least a kaz of it to be intact in order for the animal not to be a traa. On the other hand, Rabbi Shim felt the liver is because it is any amount of the liver 18:15 will take away the traa status ultimately from the animal. Incredible. [clears throat] The tells a story. The tells and by the way and the the way the the pneumonic over there or the way to remember this the gimmar says is that rich people are miserly. So the says was the son of the ni. So obviously again the nasi was very wealthy was very wealthy even was the son of was very 18:42 wealthy he would not discard even a small piece of liver right because he felt that the liver was koshv the liver had a lot of health benefits to it so even though he was very wealthy he didn't have to go ahead and save a small piece of liver he would still do so okay incredible goes there was say is a group of soldiers says 19:04 Hashult a group of soldiers the pompadisa that ultimately came to the city of Pompadisa Aru Rab ran away. So apparently there was some this was obviously a gentile army that was coming to town. They they ran away. 19:21 What happened? So they ran into Rabizer Rabzer said to them. Now it's interesting Rabizer called them arukoy. means refugees. Refugees Rashi says over here. All right, we'll come to just a moment. 19:43 So apparently going to see didn't have to flee. Raiz was a person of means. He did not have to run away ultimately again from the army that was there. So runs into says hey refugees say this is now a very important. So Rabizer was to say that when we say that a kazayas of the liver needs to be intact in order that the animal is not a 20:08 traa it's not just any liver or it's not just any part of the liver but a staka the part of the liver next to the gallbladder. So we'll say if you could see in the image in uh in the image that I put on the WhatsApp chat you could see a little picture of the liver over here right then and you could see the liver interestingly enough abotss a number of different things right so the liver the liver comes right up to the right kidney 20:32 and the liver is also right next to the gallbladder right that's the green over here and that white thing around that's the diaphragm which we're going to discuss in just a moment so now the gimmar says as follows says that When we say that you require a of the liver, so that is the liver in the area by the gallbladder says it's in the place literally again where the liver lives. Rashi says what 20:59 is that a reference to? If you look at Rashi says over so Rashi first quotes that's the area by the kidneys but then he changes his mind it's the area by the diaphragm area by the diaphragm. So we'll say so now interestingly enough not only do you need a kazias of the liver in order to go ahead and the animal not be a traa but it's a specific part of the liver 21:30 mlo is it a part of the liver by the gallbladder is it a part of the liver by the diaphragm that's so very papa says now what do you do with this so say this is fascinating so therefore papa said listen therefore Because this is a and apparently the is not resolving it essentially. What's the you need both you need both and again we're going to 21:57 need a liver by the gallbladder and the kazayas of the liver by the diaphragm. I'm going to require both in order for the animal not to be a tra incredible byia asked. So we'll say so now this is all assuming that you kind of have the liver in we'll call it for lack of a better term like one mass one mass what happens if it's 22:22 not one mass now says over here what happens if you have a kaz of liver but it's not all in one area not all in one area there's half a kaz over here half a kaz over there so it's spread out a little bit so do we say that different pieces of spread out liver can form the proper requisite mass or what happens again if instead of a 22:53 mass it's like a strip does that work so what happens if it's like a flattened strip does that work to which the answers to all of this kind of leaves that as as an open as an open-ended question said this is an interesting case over here. Now the the wording is a little bit strange is going to ask literally means dislodged. So if the liver was 23:25 dislodged but it is embedded in the diaphragm what is ultimately again what's the status of the liver I don't understand if it's if it's if it's attached to the diaphragm that it's not dislodged that it's not dislodged that that's where the liver needs to be so what does this mean Right? 23:54 I don't understand we just established before there's two opinions over here. Right? So we'll say so first I just want to point out the gimar is operating with the understanding that the amount of liver that needs to be intact in order for the animal not to be a traa is a kaz that's the operating over here with the fundament is where does that kaz need to be. So that's a mlocus. One opinion says 24:17 the kazayas needs to be by the gallbladder. Other opinion says it needs to be by the diaphragm. So the says when you seen the dondelo when you go ahead and you say that it was dislodged I don't understand what that means either again we already established this either it's attached either it's attached to the gallbladder good to go or attached to the diaphragm good to go and if you don't have that then it's going to be a traa okay incredible 24:39 now we come to the lungs if the lung if the lung is perforated ultimately again the animal is a tra Okay. So say so just a word about this. There are two membranes on the lungs. There's an outer membrane and an inner membrane. The outer membrane. The gimar explains. 25:03 Wow. Right. It's only Monday. It's only Monday. Right. So so the gimar says as follows. So again the outer membrane is white. The inner membrane is red. Is red. So again, so now we're talking about per now the sh love of course is as we saw by the way yesterday with the brain, right? The brain also has two membranes and part of our discussion was which membrane has to be perforated in 25:27 order for the animal to be a tra. So now with the lungs is going to ask the same exact question. So say here we go. So now the here's what the Mishna tells me. The Mishna tells me that if the if the membrane is perforated, the animal is a tra. So the sh is which membrane? So they all say it is the outer membrane. 25:53 The outer membrane, which again is the color, the color is going to be important as we're going to see in just a moment. This is the outer whitish membrane. Others say no, it's the secondary inner reddish membrane. The way to remember this is the red robe in which the lung sits. I guess that was a helpful memory tool for them. I don't know it doesn't seem too helpful but 26:22 right the red what's the red robe a reference to? The red robe is a reference to the inner membrane which is red. So thear essentially seems to be saying over here it has to be the inner membrane that's perforated in order for the lung to be a traa. 26:36 So the listen to this it's obvious if the outer membrane was perforated but the inner one was not the animal is not a traa why because the inner membrane ultimately protects the protects the lung like what did say the iglid so say here we go this this lung that was iglid means it was perforated or iglid literally means 27:05 skinned right but for our purposes perforated and it's like a red date ultimately again is now what does that mean it's like a red date look at remember the secondary inner membrane is red so when that outer membrane is removed the lung looks like a red date because which means but the inner membrane is intact 27:34 saying is like Everyone is going to agree that if the outer membrane is perforated but the inner membrane is fully intact. How do you know the inner membrane is fully intact? If the lung looks like a red date then that's a good indication that the inner membrane is intact. And if it's intact the lung is going to be in other words the animal's not a okay watch this. 28:00 Now here's the interesting shila. What happens if the inner membrane is perforated but the outer one is intact? Does the outer one does the outer one essentially protect the lung or not? That that that's our shai. So obviously it goes without saying if both are perforated of course the animal is a tra if the outer one is perforated but the 28:25 inner was one one is intact the animal is kasher. The shaita is inner perforated outer one fully intact. What is the status of the animal? So watch this. This is fascinating. So ra ultimately went ahead and about this one says one says that the outer the outer membrane could protect the lung 28:53 and one says it does not. The and is that if the outer membrane is intact even if the inner one is perforated the animal is kasher because we assume that the outer membrane the outer membrane goes ahead and protects the lung which I will say essentially sounds like what the sounds like what the essentially saying is as long as one of the membranes is intact ultimately again the animal is kasher because obviously again the says it goes without 29:19 saying that if the inner membrane is intact but the outer one is perforated the animal is kasher but even if the outer me even if inner membrane is perforated and the outer one is is intact. The animal is going to be as well. Now watch this says now now there's there's a test there's a test and this is quite fascinating and says we go like what this is 29:42 fascinating we're going to see this also in tomorrow's daf as well. So listen to this. If you have a lung says over here, if you look at second line from the top, so what does it mean? If you blow up the lung, right? If you blow up the lung, you hear air escaping. So if you blow up the lung, you hear air like hissing, a 30:12 hissing sound. You you hear air escaping. So why say if you hear air escaping now what does that what does that indicate right there's a perforation now watch this if you know where the air is escaping right if you know where the perforation is okay no problem what do you do this is fascinating 30:38 or so what do you do you put a feather or you put uh saliva or gila or you put straw on that area. Now again say what what do you want to see? If the feather the saliva or the straw moves then the animal is a traa because what does that indicate? What does that indicate? Yes, lungal perforation. And I believe that is a proper use of the word 31:05 right lungal perforation. Right? That indicates perforation. Right? Then again because it's moving it's moving. But if the feather the saliva or the straw doesn't move then the animal is going to be kasher says here's what's interesting because you begin to see essentially you could have a so the size of the perfor this is fascinating the size of the perforation that makes the 31:28 animal a trafa is enough air escaping to move a feather saliva or straw on top of it. But if you could have a hissing sound, but if the perforation is not strong enough to allow enough air to dislodge to move the feather, the straw, the saliva, the animal is going to be kasha. So interesting the actually I was talking about this with my son-in-law over shabas. And he actually told me she told me that when he was growing up in yeshiva, he had a rebi who brought in a 31:54 set of lungs from the house and allowed the king allowed the kids to blow it up. Right? I said like what grade was this? He said fifth. I said like I I hope he was brought up like on child endangerment or something you know like that but a different different time different times interesting as follows now again say now all of that 32:16 presupposes that what that you know where the perforation is on the lungs what if you don't know where the perforation is which which would seem to be the more common case right so in other words I blow up the lungs because again we're going to talk about we're going to talk about how this is I'm going the lungs. I hear air escaping. I don't know where the air is escaping from. So, what do I do? This is 32:40 fascinating. You bring a bowl of water. You bring a bowl of water, but it's got to be lukewarm water. And I put the lungs in the water. In the bowl of water. Now, again, the temperature over here is very important. 33:00 Now again low the cuffsy you can't put in hot water because if you put in hot water ultimately again it's going to it's going to it's going to go ahead and um contract. Yeah. Shrivel. Shrivel. Thank you. Contract. 33:16 It's going to it's going to shrivel up. It's going to shrivel up. You can't put it in cold water. Why? Because it hardens. It hardens and you're not going to get an accurate view of the of the lung. So again, you put in lukewarm water because lukewarm water won't cause it to contract and also won't cause it to harden. And then what do you do? 33:37 So in the water, blow into it, right? And allow it to expand. So you're going to say if you see the water bubbling up. Now again, so this this is this is the same thing as the feather saliva straw test. Just feather saliva straw, the famous feather saliva straw test, right? only works if you know where the perforation is. Over here, I don't know where the perforation 34:02 is. So, I'm just putting it in a bowl of water, blowing it up, and I'm looking for where the bubbles are going to come up. So, the bubbles are going to come up, well, I should say differently, if bubbles come up, that's indicative that there's enough of a perforation to allow air flow because remember again, essentially the size of a perforation that makes the animal a traa is enough of a perforation that allows air to escape from the lungs. That we're that's 34:24 what we're looking for over here. If air could escape from the lungs, the animal is a trafa. How do you know if air could escape from the lungs? So again, if I know where the perforation is, if there's enough air to move a feather, saliva, straw, that is lungal perforation. If I don't know where it is, if there's enough air to create bubbles in the water, that's indicative of perforation. That would make it a tra. Incredible. 34:53 ultimately again. So if if it causes if it causes bubbles then it's a traa and if not it is going to be a tra. So the says the says uh good. So the says so what happened? 35:10 So say so what happened? So by the way, so jumping back over here. So the says, so that would be indicative of the fact that ultimately again the inner membrane was perforated, the outer one was not the interestingly enough in a case where the inner one was perforated, the outer one was not, sometimes that the hissing can be indicative of air that's trapped in between the two membranes. Now again, 35:36 we're going to discuss this idea. If you look at Rashi says Rash's right across say this is very interesting. So obviously if you're seeing bubbling on the outside that's indicative of what? 36:04 Now again remember let's take a step back over here. H how did we get to this? So remember the Gim was asking a very specific question which is that if the inner membrane was perforated and the outer membrane was not. So the what's the status of the animal? Is the animal a trafer or not? So the wanted to suggest that it works works the animal's not a tra if the outer membrane is 36:27 intact. So now remember in general how do you know if the animal is a tra? We're going to blow up the lungs. We're going to blow up the lungs. So essentially there's three cases. Case number one is right in all these cases you're hearing hissing. Case number one is I know where the perforation is. So in that case what do you do? Put something over the perforation. The straw the the straw the saliva the 36:51 feather. If it moves the animal's a traa if it doesn't move the animal's not a traa. Case number two. I hear hissing but I don't know where the hissing is coming from. What do you do? Blow up the lungs. put it in a bowl or or put in a bowl of of warm water, blow up the lungs, see where the bubbles come from or see if bubbles come up or not. Case say is where you hear hissing but there's no bubbles. There's no bubbles. 37:16 Now, if you hear hissing and there's no bubbles, what is that? So, the says, "Oh, that's a case of where the inner membrane is perforated. The outer one is not." And what you're hearing the hissing that you're hearing is the air trapped in between the two membranes. 37:33 The gimar is suggesting in this according to what the gimar says over here that is not a traa. That's suggesting over here. So interestingly enough as much as we would have thought hissing is always indicative that it's a traa says sometimes if you hear hissing but there's no bubbles there's no bubbles that's indicative of air trapped in between the two membranes. Fascinating. 37:52 So, so Raba said if you have a if you have a lung that is literally again skinned, it looks like a red date. Right. Right. Literally the igl means the which essentially if it looks like a red date, what does that indicate? The outer the outer the outer membrane has been removed and all there is is the inner membrane. So the inner red membrane will look like a red date. the the the the 38:21 lung the animals says furthermore if you have a lung that was red let's say the lung the lung became reened in a certain spot if only part of it is is reddish right it's reened then says kasher but if the entire lung became red then it's tra so 38:47 why is that What's the that if part of the lung becomes red that again the animal is going to become the because the assumption is there's some type of injury on the lung but because it's only a partial injury the lung will be healed I don't understand but that should be true even if the entire lung was injured other words say so apparently again when it becomes red 39:11 that's indicative of some type of internal injury so but if we assume that it heals in part Then it should heal in whole. Why should there be a distinction after all very interesting? Did we not learn say so look at Rashi for just a moment? 39:31 Actually Rashi is literally right across says small insects, small insects, small rodents. He says that have a softer skin if you go ahead and you injure you injure certain right one of the now obviously if you something you're in 40:04 violation of but if you draw blood you're also in violation of what happens if you injure an animal and let's say causes a wound wound underneath the skin, but there's no blood that's drawn. So the Gimar says for certain animals, you're not in violation. Why? Because even though you've caused a wound underneath the skin, it will heal. It will heal. So the wound which represents a pooling of blood ultimately again will 40:28 heal. So the same way ultimately again well maybe we should compare an animal ultimately again to the to the in certain animals if you cause a wound and the blood pools that is not going to heal. And therefore if that's the case then even if part of the lung becomes red that should also cause the animal to be a tra rather the 40:58 says very interesting. So Lear says you're right. There is no distinction whether part of the lung becomes red or the whole part of the lung becomes red. That is definitely indicative of some type of injury but we are confident that the injury will heal and therefore it does not make the animal a So the is indicating over here that if the lung is unusually red that is 41:23 indicative of an injury will not make the animal a tra. So let's listen to this. If you have a lung that partially dried up even if it's only part of it that dried up the animal is a traa. So any part of the lung that totally dried out it's a traa. 41:45 What's the what's the shear of drying out? enough that if you were to scratch it with your nail, it would disintegrate. If it's that brittle and that dried out that if you were to touch it, it would disintegrate. Does this reflect? 42:08 Was a definition ultimately again this happens to be a totally different topic. The gimmar is talking about over here actually again of a of a what's the case ultimately again of where says over here remember again if a has a it is redeemed it is redeemed right and usable by the coin so what's the definition of 42:35 we're going to stop over I don't want to rush through this we'll stop over for today so we're stopping again we're stopping with the statement that if the lung becomes dried out. It is a What's the definition of dried out to be continued tomorrow everyone? 42:52 I'd se
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