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0:15 [clears throat] >> I would also say good morning. Good morning. Let us begin begin by thanking all of our sponsors for this morning's share to thank our sponsors for the month of Alenu Letova Yona and Abby Ron for dedicating the share this month in the school for four Eliezer Ben Alishava and so for dedicating the share 0:40 this month for the third yard site of base Ben Yehuda Arieh Philadelphia. He was a child survivor of Auschwitz. He learned Gamara every morning at 5:00 a.m. He was a Hakim Doros and Paris Torah and Mitzvahs. Truly beautiful. Our sponsors for today Ayala and Sarah Steinberg and we have Bass Susha and we have in the city of 1:04 for Shlomo's father Chaim Mordechai Ben Hava and Gabi and Shina Cohen sponsoring the share today commission in commemoration of the Shloshim for Gabi's mother Karen Cohen Yocheved Bas Mayor and we hope that the merit of our Torah all of Yocheved Rifka Bas Mayor and thank you. We hope that the merit of our Torah all of the and 1:31 the family all those who need to be together with Israel. We should all look after our brothers and sisters in Israel and allow our holy soldiers to be successful. We must say and also with that let us begin with a really we have a packed daf ahead of us today. A lot to do today Hashem. Today's daf is 56 and we are picking up on let's just for the sake of ease let's 1:55 just pick up at the two dots, 24 lines up from the bottom. A glued out. So remember again, one of the list of treifas is an animal It's an animal ultimately again that was skinned, that was flayed. So the Gemara said, let's analyze this a bit. So says that even if the animal is a glued out, it's still kosher, it's not a treifa. And the Chachamim say that it's not, it's possul. 2:21 And again, already Elazar Safra Yochanan ben Gudgada already said, they already testified that a glued out is a treifa. I says the Gemara, I'm going to say Elazar Chazal Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Meir retracted his position. So remember again, this is just to point out what's happening over here. The Mishna said that a glued out is a treifa. Then the Gemara called it a machlokes where Rabbi Meir says a glued out is kosher, 2:45 Chachamim say that it's possul. Now comes along Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar and says, by the way, Rabbi Meir retracted his position. He retracted his position and he came over to the side of the Chachamim that in fact a glued out is in fact a treifa. Michlal d'Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar pleg Rabbi Meir b'gludah. So could we infer from that that Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar and Rabbi Meir disagreed with gludah? I have a Tanya but we learned from Rabbi 3:09 Shimon ben Elazar lo nachlaku Rabbi Meir v'Chachamim al a gludah sh'psulah that Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar said that Rabbi Meir and the Chachamim didn't disagree, that they agreed that a gludah is a treifa. K'var cheid d'Rabbi Oshaya ben Oshaya ben Yehudah sh'Yehudah ha'bosem. And furthermore, and Rabbi Oshaya the son of Rabbi Yehudah the perfumer. 3:28 So what is this this is an interesting one. It's always by the just as an aside fascinating how obviously these men were known by their professions, which is fascinating. It's also interesting to note that in Gemara, the Gemara goes out of its way to mention their professions. Why? Because I will say a person should never think that there is a choice in life between earning a parnassah and ultimately again becoming an exceptional 3:52 Torah scholar. One is able to do both. One is able to do both. You can go ahead and in fact again this work tells other says to Adam a path to work and as much as we look at you know the way that kind of work arrived in this world was as a curse. So we often associate like a wife Adam never sinned if Adam never sinned then there would never be a concept of work. That's not true. That's 4:15 not true. Work is very important like the mission of us says called Torah she any mama so for a timer. Any Torah that's not accompanied by work in the end is going to be for not. Why? Because it was you know the great thing about working and learning is both of those things. The mission says she gears shinier mashka house of home. Because ultimately again when you're 4:39 the best way to avoid sin best way to avoid clinical tests have shown best way to avoid sin is be too exhausted to sin. Just be too exhausted. Just work yourself to the bone so that there's literally not an ounce of clock left in your body [clears throat] to sin. So if you're working and you're learning what does that mean? You're very busy. And if you're very busy chances are you're not going to get yourself into too much trouble. 5:03 So this idea so again this idea that so what what does it mean very quickly what does it mean that work was a curse for other shown. So first let's see something very beautifully. Before Adam shown sinned the way worked worked was like this. You put in the effort you got the results. What was the curse of Adam shown right 5:26 like the success you're going to go ahead and you're going to plant certain things the curse the curse of Adam was that sometimes you'll put in all the effort and what and what you don't get the results. That's the great challenge of the human condition. To work and get results that's a the curse of Adam was sometimes you'll work and you won't get the results but it's not that work was the curse. Work is the greatest bracha in the world. You 5:50 know how it goes like that. So, let's name from the Shulchan Aruch and again so we say now interestingly enough everybody seems to be saying that gluda is going to be possible. But, if you have a piece of flesh that was left over the size of a sela old like a coin, then that'll be kosher. I'm not going to my what is he mean they didn't argue. Look, I remember 6:14 he did not stand in his machlokes. So, we'll say what this means is as follows. Originally, there was a machlokes. What's the status of gluda? Rabbi Meir said it's kosher. Cham said it's possible. Then, Rabbi Meir went over to the side of the rabbonim. So, what does it mean when it says lo nechlaku? They did not argue. Lo amad Rabbi Meir machlokeso. Rabbi Meir did not stand in his machlokes. So, we'll say what a 6:37 line. What a line. Machlokes is inevitable. Machlokes is inevitable. Conflict is inevitable. What's the shaila? Are you omed be machlokes? You know what I'm saying? Ever had this type of situation where sometimes you get into a disagreement there's a machlokes and you know like there's the opportunity to either stand your ground or the opportunity to make shalom. You're at that crossroads. We'll say which is the more tempting option? 7:02 Let's be honest. Which is the more tempting option? More tempting option is fight it out, right? That is the more tempting option. I want to be right. I don't want to yield. I'm going to So, we'll say so much of successful and we always speak about this is prioritizing being happy over being right. Right? The says there's a distinction between adults and children. Children always choose being happy over being right. 7:25 Adults nine out of 10 times choose being right over being happy. Do you want to be omed be machlokes? You want to be right? You want You want to stand your ground? Or you want to be happy? Right? Meir apparently again lo amad Rabbi Meir machlokeso. Incredible. Amar Meir in the Shulchan Aruch Shaila. 7:42 So, the bracha said before that by gluda so now what say sinews, what we're holding over here is everyone agrees that a glued is going to be a treifah. Okay. So, we'll say sinews, but the bris did say that if you have a little bit of leftover, if you have a little bit of flesh, right? A little bit of of of hide left on the animal the size of a seller, then the animal's going to be kosher. 8:02 So, the Gemara asks about this, "Heycha, where exactly does this piece of seller skin have to be? This This seller hide, does it have to be situated somewhere specific? Where?" So, the Gemara says, "I'm going to be with open the Gemara has to be along the spine or has to be along the spine." Along the spine. You buy the the cotton have a seller. So, what does that mean? 8:24 Is it a thin strip of hide along the spine that when you add up, right? When you add up that thin strip, it forms a seller? Or maybe it's the width of a seller along the entire spine. Touch the bone. 8:40 The parsha be in all right with Shmuel. So, let's analyze cuz ultimately it was explained according to the name of Shmuel. The seller seller seller. It has to be the width of a seller along the entire length of the spine. 8:58 Okay. Rabbi said probably said no, no, no. You just need a seller's worth of hide by the joints. As long as it's by the joints, the primary joints of the animal, you're good to go. On the Shulchan Aruch, then we'll be on the Shulchan Aruch by the stomach. 9:13 So, they have this locus. Essentially again, everyone seems to agree that if if you have at least a an issur size if you have at least a seller sorry, a seller size of skin of hide that the animal's not a glued. The Gemara says, "Does it have to be situated somewhere specific?" Okay, the Gemara says, "By the Shulchan Aruch, then we'll be on the Shulchan 9:36 Aruch by the Shulchan Aruch by the stomach." or neither mark on the bull of the cooler came neither Russia problem of the cooler came right. So I say what about the reverse case? What happens if I look at my saw the animal had its height intact except on the area of the spine or except on the area of the joints or except on the area of the stomach. 9:55 What's the status of what say you hear the shala is we just said before that if an animal is fully flayed but it has a little bit of skin in these primary areas or a little bit of hide in these primary areas the animal is kosher. What about the reverse case? Well, let's say the animal has its height intact but it's missing the height in these critical areas. Does that make the animal a treif? Which the animal says take it. Okay. I'm a rough call her or 10:19 cooler master of the cooler close me or base a process. So I have to say in general any amount of hide on the animal any or I should say any hide anywhere on the animal will prevent it from becoming a gluda. Right? The exception is the hooves. The hide on the hooves as we're going to see does not count as hide. 10:37 Rabbi Rabbi says no I feel the base of process not true. For the base of process not in that seal. Even if there's hide on the hooves that'll also save the animal from being a gluda. So by me now we'll explain what why this is just moment. What is the base of process now who what is the status of the hide by the hooves? Now she had to be gluda. 10:57 Does it save an animal from being a gluda? I'm already master of the yeah it does. It does. It counts as hide. I'm already one second. We might have to call Rabbi Rabbi you taught us every or same Kim Saran. The following areas of hide are not treated like hide they're treated like flesh. Right? I guess because the hide is so soft in those areas. Ultimately it doesn't have the status of a hide as a status of of meat. 11:20 What are those areas? At base of process. Right the master says or base of process. Sorry. The hide of the hooves. What do you see from here? That the hide of the hopeful area. Right? All right. Hopefully yeah. The hide of the area, and there's no one here to correct me on that. Absolutely no one to correct me. All right. The hide of the huffle area ultimately again has the status of meat and not the status of hide. Now, the reason why that's important for us 11:44 is because if that's all the corner quote hide that the animal has, then it's a gluda. Then it's a gluda and it's going to be a treifa. All right. Also again, I'll talk to you in a minute. So he said, "Don't don't don't bother me with this because I quoted this as a das yachid, not as a primary opinion." This is what he says. 12:02 The shochit says, "Yes, I shall talk to all of you in a couple of hours." I suppose this is now we go a little bit back to uh our piggle days. Our pig right piggle days. Listen to this. A person checks a carbon checks an ola with the intention to go ahead and burn a kazayis of meat from underneath the tail. So he has he has very specific carbonas over 12:25 here. Right? A kazayis of meat from of the animal from underneath the tail. Khutzlin komo, and I have in mind to go ahead and burn it outside of the Beis Hamikdash. Okay? What's the halacha? Pasul v'ein b'koris. Again, I'll remember again, if you have a machshava for khutzlis for khutzlin komo, doing some sacrificial right to service outside of the prescribed area, ultimately again that makes the carbon 12:48 pasul but doesn't incur koris. Khutzlis mano, piggul b'khayilul koris. However again, if you have in mind to do it outside of the permitted time, that's called that's called piggul and that'll be khayev koris. Okay? Eliezer Eliezer now again, I'll say, "What's the point of this statement?" The point of this statement is to show you that the flesh of the animal underneath the tail has 13:11 the status of basar. That's the point. That's the takeaway from this. So Eliezer ben Yehuda Eliezer ben Yehuda Ish Ish Evlin over over R' Yaakov R' Shimon ben Yehuda Ish Igus over R' Shimon R' Shimon achas arbas pasuls v'arba >> And it's supposed to say so all of these are going to come along and say by the way, the 13:40 of piggle right or all apply to all flesh on the animal including including including the hide by the hooves which is showing you that if the hide by the hooves is not hide that's treated like hide. What is it treated like? It is treated like like bosser right or that the height of the head once again treated like bosser right that well that's that's after the height of the 14:03 head of a of a young calf or the or the hide underneath the tail. All of these things are treated like meat. Someone who got it to more any cases of tomorrow which we quoted before that all of these situations their hide is like their their hide is like their flesh. Top of 36A. The hobby or base have bosches to 14:28 include ultimately again the the the to include the hide any hide that might be by the genitalia area. In all of these cases Muslim come up possible in the car race Muslim is manual piggle the higher one of car race ultimately again to teach me that if I had a match over Muslim come for any of these items ultimately possible no car race but if I had in mind Muslim is manual that's piggle and there's a kid car so I was saying what's 14:53 the point of all that? The point of all that ultimately again remember so there is this opinion here's what we have let's take a step back now for just a moment. What we have is as follows. The mission has said that a glue dog which is an animal missing its hide is a treifa. So I was saying then the Gamora said by the way but it could very well be that as long as it has some minimal amount of hide that is kosher. Then we have a raging 15:17 what's the minimum amount of hide? Is it the width of an Israel along the spine? Is it some height by the joints? Is it some height by the stomach? Is it what what is it? So, that's that's my whole case. That's my whole case. Then, we had another opinion. The other opinion said, "The truth is, it's any amount of height anywhere, which saves the animal from being a gluda with one notable exception." What doesn't count as height? What doesn't count as height? 15:39 The height by the hoofs. And why is that? Because apparently, that's very soft and therefore, it has the status of meat, of flesh, not of hide. Then, he proves that from the sacrificial case that the hide of the hoofs is considered to be like meat and not considered to be like hide. Beautiful. Beautiful. Okay, but I'll say, "Now we're transitioning." A little treifas bow. Up until now, we 16:03 never treifas we've been focused on animals, right? Behemos, right? And usually like when we say behema, behema usually means like a behema gassa, but also behema daka we saw this. Now we're Now we are switching, switching teams to the fowl family. Ve'eileh treifas bow. The following items are treifas by by by birds. Now, the truth is, we're going to see there's not really any notable exceptions. We'll We'll see why the mishna has to go through all of this. 16:26 So, ve'eileh treifas bow. Nikuvah shel veshet. If there is a esophageal perforation, that's number one. Same as a behema. If there is a esophageal perforation, ultimately again, an oaf is a treifa. Sukas hagargeres, which means ultimately again, if the trachea is severed. 16:44 Okay? Same thing so far. Hiksa hulda al al al rosha. Makumsha also is a treifa. So, it's very interesting. If let's say again, the bird was bitten by a weasel on the head, right? It was bitten in the head in a place that can make the animal a treifa. So, we'll say we're going to see that. Remember, we saw by the head, right? What type of head trauma makes an animal a treifa? So, usually again, 17:07 that's if you're perforating both mem- Well, it's a machlokes. Both membranes, one or two membranes. But if you're if you're perforating the membranes around the brain, that's usually where this is going to go ahead and be a treifa. well. So, that's the image we have over here. The chick I'm saying chicken cuz that was the image I sent out. Right? The bird The bird is The bird is being on the head by a weasel, which the assumption over here is there may be some perforation into 17:30 the into the membranes. That's where we're going to have a treif as a situation. We'll see that more in the Gemara. Nikav hakorkuvan, if ultimately again the gizzard The gizzard was The gizzard was perforated. Now again, on both sides you'll see I I put out on the chat a little Just really just This is from the article Gemara. So, you could just see over here that obviously the bird and we're using the chicken example over here has a different 17:53 digestive system than than the animal. Then right So, when I was we were talking about ruminant animals that had four different stomachs. So, the bird The chicken over here has We're going to see again the zefek, the crop, and ultimately again then something called the korkuvan. The korkuvan is the gizzard. The gizzard then leads into the into the intestines. So again, the the gizzard The korkuvan actually acts as like a secondary stomach as well, where 18:16 more of the digestion occurs. But again, it's important to understand that It goes from the esophagus from the esophagus to the to the crop to the zefek, then from the zefek ultimately again into the korkuvan, and from the gizzard and then from the korkuvan into the dakin into the intestines. Okay? So now, the Mishnah says Nikav hakorkuvan, if the gizzard was perforated, the animal right The animal 18:40 is a treif as well. Next, nikav hadakin or if the intestines were perforated, treif as well. Nafla laor, v'nechmeru b'nei me'av. This is an interesting case. What happens if the bird fell into the fire? Now, didn't die in the fire. Didn't die in the fire. Fell into the fire and as a result ultimately again, its insides were burnt. Now, we're going to discuss how you know that. Its insides were burnt. Im yerukim psulin. 19:05 If you shecht the chicken, you open it up, and its insides are green, that is that is indicative of of internal burning, internal burns. If they're green. If my duodenum share them, but if the insides are red, then we're good to go. Drasa. Right? Darsa. 19:23 If let's say the the bird was trampled, or ultimately again, it was thrown against the wall. Oshiritsu sabehema, or it was trampled by another animal. So the Gamara says, "Umifarkeses." And ultimately again, I'm also going to be in these interesting cases. In these cases, we're going to see these are cases of where the bird suffered trauma. 19:41 It was trampled, it was crushed against the wall, it was right it was it was it was trampled by another animal. After the traumatic events, the bird is fluttering. Mifarkeses. Pishashma isla is, and it lives for 24 hours after the traumatic event, pishakta, and then you sheft it, shera. 20:00 The animal's going to be kosher. It's a very very interest very interesting case. Fine. She will say, "Shkoyakh dasa mishnah." I just want to point out by just an important Rashi. First Rashi in the mishnah, which is the first short line in Rashi. Rashi says, "Uve'eileh treifos ba'of af al gab d'chol treifos d'beheima k'negdan ba'of." And what's he saying? Now, by the way, if you see this mishnah, what are you scratching your head and saying? There's nothing really new here. Right? Remember again, what 20:23 what do we have? Esophageal perforation, right? So so um esophageal perforation, severing of the trachea, right? Perforation of the brain membranes. Okay, these are all the same things that we had by beheima. There's no real chiddush. The scorching case is a little bit new, cuz we didn't have that before. But there's nothing really new in this mishnah. So Rashi points out something very interesting. Af al gab d'chol treifos d'beheima k'negdan ba'of. 20:47 Even though in reality, whatever is a treifa by beheima is also going to be a treifa by of. Listen to this. Hani is fikali l'misni. The mishnah still felt you had to go through the list. Why? He said, "L'misni d'kuva savashat mishum psukas hagagares. Vahu it's tzarich d'lo teima chol d'chiusho shel of lo nafish d'kasha b'siman achilah." 21:13 >> So we'll say here it is. We are going We saw already that what's the major distinction between fowl, right, between ofos and beheima when it comes to the shchita? Major distinction, a beheima needs majority of two simanim. An of needs majority of one siman. And now the way the way Rashi frames it is I would have thought therefore because obviously the life force of a fowl is much more 21:37 fragile. Right, how do I know this? Because you can kill the fowl with only one siman. I would have thought therefore the halacha would be that the same way that any amount of esophageal perforation renders the bird a treifa, I would have thought the same thing applies to what? The trachea. 21:53 That's the big thing. I would have thought that therefore again any amount of tracheal perforation should also make the bird a treifa. Kamashmalan, no. Kamashmalan will say that when it comes to Remember again, we haven't seen it yet, but when it comes when it comes to the trachea, remember trachea, at least by a beheima, you needed 51% of it to be cut. You need a piece of it at least the size of an israchai talki to be a treifa. And the same halacha is going to 22:16 apply to a bird. That That This is the point Rashi says that warrants that warrants the whole discussion Fascinating. Okay, says the Gemara. Rav Shmuel bar Levi da Amri So we'll say this is very interesting. The Mishnah is starting off with the case of the bird that was bitten on the head by a weasel. 22:32 Okay? So you've got a bird, you've got a chicken Let's just go with the chicken. You've got a chicken that was that was bitten on the head by a weasel. And I will say what's my shaila? What's my shaila? Is the bird a treifa? What are we concerned about? What are we concerned about? We're concerned about the fact that maybe the the teeth of the weasel perforated the skull of the chicken into the membranes of the brain and ultimately made it a treifa. So watch this. How do you test for this? So we'll 22:57 say it's incredible. What do you do? This is so interesting. Rav Shmuel bar Levi da Amri, machnis yado lifnim ubodek. What is Rashi saying? Listen to this. This is good to know. You put your You put your finger in the mouth of the chicken, press up on the palate of the chicken. And what will happen? If there is a perforation, brain matter is going to come out of the top of that chicken. 23:20 I'll say, not it. >> >> So, this this this this I hope I don't try the short straw for this one. But, this is this is I'm calling out Salah Moshe Adovah. This is going to be This is going to be your new bucket list over here. All right. You could take the small truck. You don't need the ambulance for this one. All right. So, So, the idea is you put your Which is fascinating. You put your finger in the mouth of the chicken, press up on the palate. If brain matter comes out, that is indicative ultimately again that 23:45 there was a perforation. No brain matter comes out, we're good to go. We're good to go. So, the Gamara says, "Who Bodak in the vast face of all it Brain matter comes out, treif. The animal is a treif. If not, but if brain matter doesn't come out, ultimately kashira." So, my rabbi says, "Okay. Hot in the ball say, now we're going to reference back a previous Machlokes. Remember again when it came to when it came to perforation of the of the of the membranes of the brain. 24:09 Remember again, there are two. Right? One is more attached to the cranium, right? And one is attached to the brain itself. We had a Machlokes about which membrane has to be perforated in order for the animal to be a treif. So, does the Gamara honey come on the Adam in cup comet I saw. That's fine according to the opinion that says that says you need you need both you need you need even the even the lower 24:32 even even the lower membrane to be perforated. Cuz you will say be partial to us. If the lower one is perforated, then what? Well, what? The upper one is certainly perforated. Cuz remember again, anything that's perforating generally anything that's perforating the brain the membranes is coming from the outside in. So, according to this makes sense according to the opinion that says that you even need you even need the lower membrane to be perforated. 24:56 Alpha gamma below in gift us all say you will say, but according to the opinion >> They know it's a treif even if the exterior membrane is not perforated, right? The I'm sorry. I'm sorry. According to the opinion that says that even if the exterior membrane is not perforated, right? I forgot the law in the soy. 25:13 I said that wrong. I forgot the law in the soy. But according to the opinion that says that if the outer membrane is perforated, even if the interior one is not. Right? So again, you could have a case where the interior membrane is the inner membrane is fully intact [snorts] and the outer one is perforated, the that that animal is treif. This test is not going to work. Why? Because the what's going to be the problem? Because 25:36 of the partial we're assuming brain matter is only going to spurt up if what? If the inner one is perforated, right? Because otherwise, even if the outer one is perforated, if the inner one is intact, you could press up on the pallet, but the inner one's going to keep the brain matter in. So that is how it has to work. The says no, no, no. It's not true. 25:55 Apparently again, the inner membrane ultimately again is a much weaker membrane. So if the outer one is perforated, when you push up on the pallet of that bird, brain matter is going to come out. Okay, I'm going to say so again, so that's what the is suggesting. So you have a you have a chicken that was bitten on the head by a weasel. I'm using chicken as an example, but any fowl, what do you do? You're not sure did it perforate the brain membrane or 26:17 not? Stick your finger inside the mouth of the chicken, push up against the pallet. If brain matter comes out, the animal is a treif. And if not, the animal is kosher. I'm going to say very important thing here. Here we go. He says in particular hold up. The truth is if a if a chicken if a chicken was bitten by a weasel on the head, there's no way to check if if the 26:40 if the membrane the brain membranes were perforated. Why not? This is very interesting. If they shine out of the brain, it's not going to work. So again, you could have a case where the interior membrane >> the membrane, the brain membranes were perforated. Why not? It's very interesting. It may shishina dakkos because of the teeth of a weasel are very thin. Now, what the Yeri seems to be saying over here is that halo halo my soul because they're so thin, I guess 27:04 he's saying you could It sounds like have a minute is that he's saying is that halo halo my soul you won't even be able to detect the perforation. So, the Gemara says, "One second. Reish shishina dakkos my avi answer, who cares? Even if the teeth are thin, a perforation is a perforation. You'll be able to see it." So, I'm going to go "Boshia Meisha shishina dakkos vakumos." Oh, shravos This is a very piece of weaselic information over here. Listen to this. 27:27 So, apparently the teeth of the weasel are thin and curved. So, what what's fascinating about it? So, because they're thin and curved, ultimately again what ends up happening is the perforation is curved. Because the perforation is curved, even if you push out on the palate push up on the palate, the brain matter may not necessarily come up because the holes don't align. 27:46 So, the Gemara says "Cuz what is he saying he's saying is that what's happening over here? The hole on the top of the head where the teeth go in ultimately again mean are not going to be aligned with the actual perforation of the of the of the of the brain membranes." Right? Cuz when it comes What I'm saying here is this because again, essentially the bite of the weasel goes in and then like that or whichever way it's curved. I don't know which way the teeth of the weasel curve. 28:09 So, therefore again it's not going It's not going The test is not going to work. Look at Yashi. Actually not yet not yet. So, again, so therefore that's the issue. That's why the Yeri says there's no real way to check the chicken if after it's been bitten by a weasel because the teeth are thin and curved. Kisalken Adar ultimately went to Adar Shalach Lu Varm Shamar Meicham Talsim Biad. So, what's 28:32 very interesting. So, when Zeri went to Adar, Zeri said "By the way, that which I said to you before is a mistake. It's a mistake. Baram Kach Aram Misham Ben Lakish Botkin Biad Avalo Misamar." But, one thing that is important is when a chicken has been when a bird has been bitten by weasel, you have to check the brain membranes to see if they're whole, but you check with a your hand and not 28:57 with not with a nail. And you know what I'm saying? What does it mean to check with a nail? Not you know, not a nail of your finger, like a nail like a nail, like a building nail. Now the idea would be is if you scrape a nail across the top, if the nail gets hooked on something that indicates that there's a perforation. If it just glides across, then it's fine. Now obviously there's a pretty compelling reason not to check with a nail, which is what? 29:19 You're going to make a perforation. So therefore I'm sure says, go ahead and check it with your In other words, run your hand over the membrane. You'll be able to check for perforation like that, but not with a nail. And says, no, even with a nail is fine. And in reality this is a pre-existing One of them used to check with his hand and one would check with a needle. Same idea. Same idea. So 29:50 the one who used to check with his hand I'm really would say to the one who was checking with a needle, how long are you going to waste the money of Israel? Why? Because by checking with a needle, what are you doing? You're probably making most of them into a treif. In other words, obviously you're going to say you're not actually making it into a treif because if the animal is dead already, then any perforation of the brain membrane is not going to make it treif. But you don't know, right? 30:16 You're going to end up making a puncture and assume that the puncture was there, the perforation was there before the And the one who used to check with a needle would say to the one who checked with his hand, how long So it was a pretty heated argument, right? And the one who would check with a nail would check with a nail would say to the one who used to check with his hands, how long are you going to allow cloudy salt eat in the veil of the treif of the summer of the second summer of the second summer of the second veil of the 30:45 veil of the hot chili with a second can't call the veil of right because what's in the veil of the veil of the animal that dies in the treif of the summer of the veil of the summer of the summer of the right and the treif of the summer of the treif of the summer of the neck of chrome shell mark fine summer of the second so interestingly enough so we have a lot happening over here so first just to follow the flow we have a summer of the ziri ziri says fascinatingly enough that 31:07 actually you cannot go ahead and and effectively check a chicken that has been bitten by a weasel why because the teeth of the weasel are are very thin but they're curved so therefore again the act of pushing up on the palate to see if brain matter comes out is not going to be an inconclusive test because the perforation on the top of the head and the potential perforation by the brain are not going to be aligned so therefore again even if you push up on 31:32 the palate even if there is brain matter that brain matter may be hitting up against the intact skull of the chicken and therefore the test is not going to work ziri then said I retract it okay then I'll go say how do you check how do you check the membrane for the mental markers should you check it with your hand should you check it with a nail says the gamara says the gamara Allah treif is good the gamara says this time that we do the better be others 31:56 just by the gamara says it must be a big order was the one who would check who would check the membrane with his hand the gamara says how do you know the sign of the show me show me show me you the the show me show me show me you the both in the hold of the yard above the one in the summer ultimately again we check for a weasel bite with your hand but not with a nail mish para at some alpha be slow neck of chrome shell mark furthermore again 32:19 ultimately again if the skull was crushed even if Allah my soul even if Allah my soul the membrane was not perforated the gamara says this time okay so it's good to be good to be good to be is the one who holds that Allah my soul we check with the hand and not with a nail the gamara says but by the way how good for cash and say hey hey hey hey how good for cash and first five line of the bottom I'm going to both going to hold the beyond the bottom of the summer. So you just said before that a 32:43 lot of my soul you check that you check you check it check it check the membrane ultimately again with your hand but not with a nail. I'm a is like a big deal. So everyone said what do you see from here? What do you see from here? That when a chicken is bitten on the head by a weasel there is a way to check. There is a way to check if the brain membranes have been perforated. But how do you tell me but then you said nishpara etzem af a pishlo nikav krum shamach. But then you said that if the skull was crushed 33:07 even if the membrane wasn't perforated the animal is a treif off. Why? I'm a less liberal that indicates that there is no way of checking the membranes. To which the gamara says this is very interesting safer asana of shanaim. So what is it so apparently in the fowl kingdom there are different types of fowl. Water fowl are treated different than air fowl. Is that air fowl? Yeah, okay air fowl. Right, so 33:29 what water fowl I'll just say like this water fowl is treated different than than the rest of the fowl mishpacha. The gamara says why hold the animal krum? Because water fowl apparently don't have a membrane around the brain. Gamara says what? Ado krum that's natural the krum that hold the krum arach. Rather apparently water fowl the membrane around the brain is especially is especially flimsy or especially weak. And therefore apparently by water fowl the 33:53 understanding is any level of head trauma by definition ruptures the membrane. That's why we operate with water fowl. Therefore again if the water fowl sustains a skull injury it's a treif off. Cuz we assume that the membrane was perforated. I'm going to leave it not going to leave it alone. 34:09 Mar Amar Shmuel badik biado machshir. Shmuel used to go ahead and check the membrane with his hand and he would be machshir. For who have been Amar Rav badik biado machshir. Who are friends said that Rav would also check the brain membrane with his hand and kasha Levi treifos shimon beheima connected on the off. 34:30 Then all of the treifos that the whole list of treifas by behemos also apply to ofos. Yes, I mean of there's one additional piece by an of which is nishpara etzem af api shilo nikaf kum shamach. There's one additional treifa ultimately by of that doesn't apply to behema and what is that? That is if the skull there was some type of skull injury even though the membrane of the 34:53 brain was not perforated. Now again both say, so what do you see from there? So that would seem to indicate to us that you can't check the membrane I'm really a of of shamaim. No, that's saying about waterfowl hol ve inlo krum because waterfowl doesn't have a membrane around the brain. Inlo krum the maseches doesn't have a membrane. So that's a el a hol krum we just said before. No, once again reinforcing this idea that waterfowl are treated differently than 35:16 the rest of the fowl family that apparently because they have a very weak membrane around the brain any level of skull trauma of head trauma or rupture to the membrane. Hahu where it tells the story. Hahu targol anusa d'havai bei Rav Hana. So ultimately again there was a chicken that was shacted in the house of Rav Hana. Shacted with the coming of Rav Nasna. 35:36 They sent it before Rav Nasna. Nishpara etzem al nikaf kum shamach it was a case ultimately again where what happened? There was a skull fracture but the membrane around the brain was not punctured and therefore as a result the achshurei ultimately again he paskened that the chicken was kosher. 35:55 Rav Nasna paskened the chicken was kosher. Armalei said him I about tiny lady shape us shmanas chakhamim behema connect them by of. Yes, I mean of the of nishpara etzem af api shilo nikaf kum shamach. But one second. But we learned ladies said that alacha l'maisa by birds if the if the skull was fractured even if the membrane was not ruptured ultimately again the animal is a treifa. 36:17 Armalei to which to which to which Rav Nasna responded hasam ba'of shamaim. That's once again about the same answer. That's saying about waterfowl hol ve inlo krum since it has no membrane around the brain. Because animal crumb saga that it doesn't have a membrane, and the animal oil crumb rock. No, waterfowl does have a membrane, but the membrane is very weak, and because it's very weak, any level of skull trauma ultimately will rupture the membrane. 36:41 Okay, now what say is so fascinating. So, what say So, now again, we're we're kind of back to where we started, which is if you have a case ultimately again of a of fowl that endured some type of skull trauma. The classic case the Gamora says no various was bitten by a weasel. What do you do? You What do I need to see? 36:58 You know, is it Does that automatically make the animal a treif? Not necessarily. What am I looking for? Were the membranes of the brain rupture? How do How do you How do you deal with that? So, what say we go back to the beginning of the Gamora. Put your hand inside the mouth of the chicken, press up against the palate, ultimately see if brain matter comes out of the top of the head. 37:16 If it does, animals are treif if the membranes are ruptured. If it doesn't, you're good to go. Ziri stepped in over here. Ziri said, "No, there's no way to check because the weasel teeth are curved." So, Ziri then retracted that position. He fundamentally retracted that. So, therefore what say we're back to where we started where Halacha L'Maaseh there is a way to go ahead and check for it. Now again, how you're checking? Should you check with your hand? Should you check with your nail? 37:39 Should you use the palate test? So, that's that's an ongoing Machlokes. Other piece of important information, waterfowl separate than the rest of the fowl family, apparently again the brain membranes of the waterfowl are very weak, very sensitive, and therefore any amount of head trauma renders waterfowl a treif. Incredible. Rav Shizvi badak b'shimsha. So, what say so now we're going back to checking the membranes. If 38:01 you have a situation of of fowl of a bird that had some type of head trauma, was bitten by a weasel, so now you're going to go ahead and you're going to check the brain membranes. So, these are different ways aside from the palate test to check. So, what say these cases are assuming that what happened over here, you shafted the bird. You opened it up. You now have the brain membrane in your hand. So, what do you do with this? So, if she is we checked it against the sun. It's very interesting 38:26 what they say, right? In other words, that I guess you would hold it up against the sun, and holding up against the light, you would be able to see if there are any perforations. Rav Yemar bought it by Maya. Rav Yemar checked it with water. So, what they say is very interesting as well. Essentially, he would fill it up with water, and if it would leak, and if if no water would leak out, that indicates no perforation. 38:45 If Halacha Mesa water leaked out, that indicated it was perforated. Rav Akiva by Yahoo bought the hammer base the guy you the heat also. He would go ahead and check it with a piece of straw. Piece of straw, which is what they essentially means is you run it It's the same thing as the nail. You run a piece of straw along the surface of the membrane. If it glides smoothly, it's not perforated. If Halacha Mesa 39:08 gets stuck on something, it's perforated. Rav and Rav Shizi honey of Z Dinka of Shiman Dami. Rav Shizi just says, "By the way, our geese our geese ultimately again are treated like waterfowl." Like you know what I'm going to say, "Why important? It was National Geographic, right? Why why is this important?" It's important because remember again, waterfowl we see any amount of head trauma will make them into a treif. Incredible. Let's go back 39:30 to Nifla Lo Or. So, what they say, "The next very interesting statement in the Mishna was the following. That when it comes to fowl, if you have fowl that fell into water Sorry, that fell into fire. So, what's the Halacha of what they say? So, if the Mishna says, "If the insides were burned, ultimately it's a treif." Now, how do you know if the insides were burned? So, the Mishna said, "If you shecht the animal, cut it open, and the 39:54 inside is green, that's an that's an indication of internal burning." Internal burning, right? And therefore again, the animal is a treif. If the insides are red, then Halacha Mesa the animal is good to go. So, let's analyze what they say. Says the Gemara, "So, I'm going to be Mishna Mishna Ben Yoshua. 40:10 Shear Kasim K'Shear Nikvasam." So, what they say is very interesting. How much green how much green do you need inside of the animal in order for the animal to go ahead and be a treifa? So, Rabbi Yochanan said in Rabbi Yossi ben Yehoshua, the sheer for green is the is the same sheer ultimately again for perforation. For perforation. So, what does he say which the pashutus means? 40:31 Which is about the same way that ultimately again the same way that for perforation is any amount of perforation ultimately makes it a makes it a treifa, so so too any amount of internal green internal green. And again, I want to say and I want to point out this is dafka when we know the animal fell into a fire. Right? This this is the case over here. We know that there was some type of burn potential burn issue. So, in that case the Gemara 40:54 says same way that it's a mashu by perforation, it's a mashu by burn and by by burn by burn wounds as well. Mani Kova Sama Shu Abba Kova Sama Shu just like perforation is any amount so too any amount of of greenage, right? Any amount of of the internal of the internal parts of the animal turning green ultimately will render it a will render it a treifa. 41:17 So, listen guys, Rabbi Oseif the son of Rabbi Shimon bar Rabbi asked from Rabbi Shimon bar Rabbi's father Horika Kaved Keneged Bnei Adam I am what have Mao. What does he say? What is the what is the halacha? If the liver the liver turned green in the area where it's right next to the intestines, what is the status? What is the halacha over there? So, what does he say? Amarlay treifa. Ultimately again it's treifa. 41:38 Rabbi Oseif says one second. So, what does he say? It's really what the Gemara is asking over here is what happens if part of the liver turns green? What's the status? So, he answers Rabbi Shimon bar Rabbi says treifa. We we just said if any there any amount of greenage inside of the animal ultimately again it's greenage. Rabbi Oseif says one second. Below Yehei Ela Nitla. Rabbi Oseif but what's the beauty of the liver? What's the beauty of the liver? 41:57 The beauty of the liver is you can be missing most of it, right? As long as long as you have what? At least by beheima it was a kezayis. So, we'll have to see by ofis if it's the same thing or not. So, why not say that the part of of the liver that's green is like what? 42:13 It's like it's not there. And therefore again the animal should still be kosher. To which the Gamara says, "Ela amara keivan shorika kavei can I give an animal a treifa biyadush naflar benach maruben I have a treifa." So we're saying no, but here's the issue. Once I know that the part of the liver that's next to the intestines turned green, that greenage is indicative that what? 42:33 The animal was indeed scorched. Once I see that happened to the liver, I also know that internally in the intestines the animal was damaged as well. Fascinating. So the Gamara says, "So it's not as much that the green area of the liver is what's problematic, it's that the green area of the liver right by the intestines indicates to me that the intestines are damaged as a result of the fire and therefore the animal is going to be a treifa." Incredible. So 42:55 we'll say story, "Rebbi Shimon ben Levi have a lay have a lay a who turn a golus." Rebbi Shimon ben Levi had a chicken had a chicken, right? And it was shechted. Shechted to come to Rebbi Elazar Rebbi, he sent it before Rebbi Elazar Rebbi to be inspected. Amarlai yerukin havua achshiva. Wow. So listen to this. 43:15 You open up the chicken and he saw inside the chicken ultimately again it was green and he paskened it was kosher. Really? Vahanantna yerukin pasul. But we learned that if the animal right if you open up the chicken the chicken is green on the inside that it's pasul. To which the Gamara says, "No, amri yerukin pasul ela bakorkuban belave ubakavei." So Rebbi Ovadia said, "This is very interesting. So apparently Rebbi Elazar 43:37 paskened that the only time that greenage inside of the chicken is problematic is where? Is where it's by the korkuban the gizzard, the heart the lave or by the kavei the liver. But if it's green in other parts of the interior of the chicken, it does not make it into a treifa." Tanna braysa that supports this. Beilu ben I'm amru, "When do we say that greenage inside of the kishkas of the chicken is a problem? 43:59 When? The korkuban belave ubakavei." Only again if it's the gizzard, the heart and the liver. Rebbi Yitzchak bar Yosef how did he turn it kosher? Rebbe Yitzchak bar Yosef ultimately again had had No, I want to say by the way, it's also fascinating just to understand like for us these these questions like so you know, you go to the store, you buy your meat. But I will say it's not so long ago, not so long 44:22 ago that people again were shechting their own chickens. People are people are having or or you took your chicken to the shochet, he shechted it and then again you you had this chicken. So this is these cases over there. It's incredible. Rebbe Yitzchak bar Yosef had a chicken, shechted it with the knife of Rebbe Avahu. Again, Rebbe Avahu shechted it, opened it up. He sent it before Rebbe Avahu to inspect it. V'amru adumim avu utreifa. Wow. So he opened it up, 44:45 the inside was red and Rebbe Avahu paskened that it was a treifa. Really? What's wrong? But we learned in the Mishnah that's what Rebbe Avahu said. If the inside of your chicken is red, what's the halacha? You're good to go. You're good to go. Amru lei Rebbe Avahu said, "Watch this. Adumim shoriku v'yerokim shudimu treifa." Listen to this. If you have a chicken that on the inside was red now, but it became green, or it was green and 45:09 it became red, ultimately it's treifa. We'll have to see what that means. Lo amru adumim shoriku ela b'lev ub'koved. When do we say that if the interior of the chicken is red, that ultimately again the animal is kosher, that it's specifically talking about the heart, the gizzard and the liver. So we have to analyze that last statement. Amru Rebbe Shmuel bar Nachmani, amru Rebbe Amru Rebbe Mani. "Adumim shoriku." Listen to this. If you had 45:34 If you had a part of the animal that was interior part of the animal that was red and then became green. And then what happens? V'shilkan. Then you cooked it. V'chazru adimu. And it became red again. What's the halacha? Sheiren. Ultimately the animal is kosher. Why? Listen to this. Mai ta'ama? Kuchra ayal b'hu. It turns out that the that the internal organs of the animal were not burned, but rather Rebbe Avahu said, "What was 45:56 it? Smoke damage." Smoke damage. So this is fascinating. So again I will say, if you have a situation where essentially you open up the animal and you know a part of the animal that used to be red was now green, there's a cooking test. Cook it. Cook it. If it remains green, the animal is a treif. That means it was burn damage. If however the animal goes into the organs go back to being red, then it was smoke damage. Smoke damage, 46:20 I guess smoke inhalation of the animal, that does not make the animal a treif. So in case you have smoke inhalation, again, cuz again the way to the way to tell the difference is that it's reversible. I don't know if I'm allowed to say that. I mean, I guess it's not reversible. Yeah, the animal's dead, right? It's not reversible. Right? Maybe that was a little too fast to say that. But again, I don't know if it's reversible from the treif perspective. That's the point. I'm going to I'm going to 46:43 I'm going to listen to this. I will say listen to this. Let's say you open up the animal and you have a part of the interior of the animal that's red. It wasn't green. The shulchan and then you cooked it v'oriko and then it became green, treif. Ultimately again it's a treif. My time up. What's the reason? Eglui basayu. 47:04 Eglui basayu means again it's damage has been revealed. Literally again it's it's it's embarrassment has been revealed. Eglui basayu k'pasul d'vada d'achmaru. So what it says is pasul. So you can have a part of the animal that presents as red, but then when you cook it ultimately again it becomes green indicating to us that indeed it was damaged by the fire. Omri Rashi hilchot I will say this is incredible. What what what this yields. Hilchot hilchot lo 47:28 leichal inish b'shulchan. I'm sorry. Lo leichal inish ela b'shulchan. I will say rather therefore this is wild. So Rashi says essentially every time you shecht fell, before you eat the bird, what do you have to do? You need to cook the insides of the animal. Cuz what do you need to see? Cuz here's what's crazy. 47:44 Here's what's crazy. Now again, if it's green, if it's green, the good news is cooking it could save you. Cuz if it's green and it becomes red, that indicates it was just smoke inhalation. And Rashi says what's the bigger chiddush? What's the bigger chiddush? The bigger khadesh would be if you shat an animal you open up and it looks totally fine. You must suggesting you still have to cook it. 48:03 You still have to cook it. Right? Why? Because maybe it's really burned. It just you It's not It's not It's presenting as healthy, but it's not really healthy. And I will say just understand the enormity of this statement. The enormity of this statement is it sounds like every single time you shat an animal, you have a bird, you have to cook the insides. Now again, if the insides are green, to want to cook it because maybe it could be good. But this sounds like you shat the 48:28 bird it looks perfectly You still have to cook it. To which you must say "Ray is not makhashekinan." I will say this is a very important statement. The says that is not true. "Asuki ray is not makhashekinan" means I will say in general "Halakha l'maaseh, if you don't know that this bird is burnt, then what? 48:45 No reason to assume it." "Asuki ray is not makhashekinan" is the best statement in all of life, which is which is "Don't assume that there's a problem if there's not one." Like in other words, if if if we don't see a problem, don't make a problem. Don't make a problem. 49:03 "Asuki ray is not makhashekinan." So again, I will say therefore again, if I know the bird was burnt, I know the bird was in a fire. There was a fire in the chicken coop. I know that it took the bird a little bit of time to get out of there. Okay, and I can only that's the case where I have to be khoshesh. But in general, you shat the bird, you open it up, the insides are red. What's the halakha? What's the halakha? Enjoy. 49:25 That's the halakha, right? Go have a good dinner. That that that's the halakha. "Asuki ray is not makhashekinan." The only time this comes up is if I know the bird was burnt. I open it up, I see that the insides are green. That's a treifa. But the I but there is a mechanism then to address cook it because maybe [clears throat] it's just smoke inhalation and not a treifa. I will say also the statement of "Asuki ray is not makhashekinan" I will say is incredibly important ashkavically 49:48 as well. I will say you know the halakha is the halakha I should say the Hashkafa is, you have to go through life assuming that the chazaka of life is good. Some people go through life and they go through like waiting for the next shoe to drop. Now, sometimes it's understandable. If a person's been through a lot in life and there's been a lot of difficulties, it makes sense that your lens shifts and you're always just 50:12 waiting for the next tragedy or trauma to strike. But what it means to live a Halachic, I should say, Hashkafically healthy life is to assume the default is life is good. The default is things work out. The default is there will be bracha. The default is that I'm going to be happy. 50:33 The default is that things are going to fall into place. You have to live life with that chazaka. Because if you don't, life becomes a very miserable, almost intolerable existence. And that's what Chazal are saying. Achazukei reia salom mechaskina. Do bad things happen? Of course bad things happen. But bad is not 50:55 the chazaka. Bad is not the default. Bad is the norm. Do challenging, difficult things occur? Of course. Do they occur every day? Yes. But I have to go through the idea that that's the minority. That's not the dominant feature of my condition. You have to maintain a positive outlook in life. And that positive outlook says, I believe life is going to be good. I believe that there's 51:19 always going to be more bracha. I believe that things are going to be fantastic. And when the challenges come, I'll lean into them. I got them. I'll deal with them. But bad is not the chazaka. Tragedy is not the chazaka. Difficulty is not the chazaka. The Halacha and the Hashkafa of my say is Achazukei reia salom mechaskina. Let's just finish up the Mishnah. Dar satav akosel. Next, if the bird again, the boy said, was trembled or was pressed 51:42 against the wall, >> I've been on taking this mission of what's my name. We have a zoo. We have a zoo. We'll say it's a bottom line. Whenever we have a documented case of foul trauma. Right, foul trauma, right? Never right the foul right foul trauma. So then how about it is whenever you see something happen. 52:01 Animal was trampled, pushed against the wall, whatever it might be. How long can I stay after you check such an animal? An animal like that is going to require some level of internal examination. What was I saying? What a day. What a day. All right, have a zoom. 52:18 Have a good day, everyone. It's such a source of seeing all of you all to see your faces. Sorry that we can't be together, but all right, such a camera is so so close to the snow with all of you.
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